Tutorial: Installing a LAMP Web Server
Tutorial: Installing a LAMP Web ServerThe following procedures help you install the Apache web server with PHP and MySQL support on your Amazon EC2 instance (sometimes called a LAMP web server or LAMP stack). You can use this server to host a static website or deploy a dynamic PHP application that reads and writes information to a database.
Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that you have already launched an instance with a public DNS name that is reachable from the Internet. For more information, see Launch an Amazon EC2 Instance. You must also have configured your security group to allow SSH (port 22), HTTP (port 80), and HTTPS (port 443) connections. For more information about these prerequisites, see Setting Up with Amazon EC2.
Important
These procedures are intended for use with Amazon Linux, but the commands and file locations are similar for Red Hat and CentOS. For more information about other distributions, see their specific documentation. If you are trying to set up a LAMP web server on an Ubuntu instance, this tutorial will not work for you. For information about LAMP web servers on Ubuntu, go to the Ubuntu community documentation ApacheMySQLPHP topic.
To install and start the LAMP web server
[*] Connect to your instance.
[*] To ensure that all of your software packages are up to date, perform a quick software update on your instance. This process may take a few minutes, but it is important to make sure you have the latest security updates and bug fixes.
Note
The -y option installs the updates without asking for confirmation. If you would like to examine the updates before installing, you can omit this option.
$ sudo yum update -y
[*] Now that your instance is current, you can install the Apache web server, MySQL, and PHP software packages. Use the yum groupinstall command to install multiple software packages and all related dependencies at the same time.
$ sudo yum groupinstall -y "Web Server" "MySQL Database" "PHP Support"
Note
Non-Amazon Linux instances may have subtle differences in their group names. If the above command fails because of an invalid group name, use the yum grouplist command and scan the output for similar groups, such as "MySQL Database server" instead of "MySQL Database", and use the appropriate group name for your distribution.
[*] Install the php-mysql package.
$ sudo yum install -y php-mysql
[*] Start the Apache web server.
$ sudo service httpd start
Starting httpd:
[*] Use the chkconfig command to configure the Apache web server to start at each system boot.
$ sudo chkconfig httpd on
Tip
The chkconfig command does not provide any confirmation message when you successfully enable a service. You can verify that httpd is on by running the following command.
$ chkconfig --list httpd
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
Here, httpd is on in runlevels 2, 3, 4, and 5 (which is what you want to see).
[*] Test your web server. In a web browser, enter the public DNS address (or the public IP address) of your instance; you should see the Apache test page. You can get the public DNS for your instance using the Amazon EC2 console (check the Public DNS column; if this column is hidden, click the Show/Hide icon and select Public DNS).
Tip
If you are unable to see the Apache test page, check that the security group you are using contains a rule to allow HTTP (port 80) traffic. For information about adding an HTTP rule to your security group, see Adding Rules to a Security Group.
Important
If you are not using Amazon Linux, you may also need to configure the firewall on your instance to allow these connections. For more information about how to configure the firewall, see the documentation for your specific distribution.
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/images/apache_test_page.png
Note
This test page appears only when there is no content in /var/www/html. When you add content to the document root, your content appears at the public DNS address of your instance instead of this test page.
Apache httpd serves files that are kept in a directory called the Apache document root. The Amazon Linux Apache document root is /var/www/html, which is owned by root by default.
$ ls -l /var/www
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 01:00 cgi-bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug7 00:02 error
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan62012 html
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug7 00:02 icons
To allow ec2-user to manipulate files in this directory, you need to modify the ownership and permissions of the directory. There are many ways to accomplish this task; in this tutorial, you add a www group to your instance, and you give that group ownership of the /var/www directory and add write permissions for the group. Any members of that group will then be able to add, delete, and modify files for the web server.
To set file permissions
[*] Add the www group to your instance.
$ sudo groupadd www
[*] Add your user (in this case, ec2-user) to the www group.
$ sudo usermod -a -G www ec2-user
Important
You need to log out and log back in to pick up the new group. You can use the exit command, or close the terminal window.
[*] Log out and then log back in again, and verify your membership in the www group.
[*] Log out.
$ exit
[*] Reconnect to your instance, and then run the following command to verify your membership in the www group.
$ groups
ec2-user wheel www
[*] Change the group ownership of /var/www and its contents to the www group.
$ sudo chown -R root:www /var/www
[*] Change the directory permissions of /var/www and its subdirectories to add group write permissions and to set the group ID on future subdirectories.
$ sudo chmod 2775 /var/www
$ find /var/www -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} +
[*] Recursively change the file permissions of /var/www and its subdirectories to add group write permissions.
$ find /var/www -type f -exec sudo chmod 0664 {} +
Now ec2_user (and any future members of the www group) can add, delete, and edit files in the Apache document root. Now you are ready to add content, such as a static website or a PHP application.
To test your LAMP web server
If your server is installed and running, and your file permissions are set correctly, your ec2-user account should be able to create a simple PHP file in the /var/www/html directory that will be available from the Internet.
[*] Create a simple PHP file in the Apache document root.
$ echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
Tip
If you get a "Permission denied" error when trying to run this command, try logging out and logging back in again to pick up the proper group permissions that you configured in To set file permissions.
[*] In a web browser, enter the URL of the file you just created. This URL is the public DNS address of your instance followed by a forward slash and the file name. For example:
http://my.public.dns.amazonaws.com/phpinfo.php
You should see the PHP information page.
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/images/phpinfo.png
Note
If you do not see the above image, but instead see the phpinfo() source code, verify that the php package was installed properly. Your output may look slightly different, but look for php in the Installed Packages section.
$ yum list installed php
Loaded plugins: priorities, security, update-motd, upgrade-helper
amzn-main | 2.1 kB 00:00
amzn-updates | 2.3 kB 00:00
Installed Packages
php.x86_64 5.3.27-1.0.amzn1 @amzn-updates
If this package is not listed as installed, install it with the following command, restart the httpd service, and reload the phpinfo.php page.
$ sudo yum install -y php
$ sudo service httpd restart
[*] Delete the phpinfo.php file. Although this can be useful information to you, it should not be broadcast to the Internet for security reasons.
$ rm /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
To secure the MySQL server
The default installation of the MySQL server has several features that are great for testing and development, but they should be disabled or removed for production servers. The mysql_secure_installation command walks you through the process of setting a root password and removing the insecure features from your installation. Even if you are not planning on using the MySQL server, performing this procedure is a good idea.
[*] Start the MySQL server so that you can run mysql_secure_installation.
$ sudo service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database:Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
...
Starting mysqld:
[*] Run mysql_secure_installation.
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
[*] When prompted, enter a password for the root account.
[*] Enter the current root password. By default, the root account does not have a password set, so press Enter.
[*] Type Y to set a password, and enter a secure password twice. For more information about creating a secure password, go to http://www.pctools.com/guides/password/. Make sure to store this password in a safe place.
[*] Type Y to remove the anonymous user accounts.
[*] Type Y to disable remote root login.
[*] Type Y to remove the test database.
[*] Type Y to reload the privilege tables and save your changes.
[*] (Optional) Stop the MySQL server if you do not plan to use it right away. You can restart the server when you need it again.
$ sudo service mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld:
[*] (Optional) If you want the MySQL server to start at every boot, enter the following command.
$ sudo chkconfig mysqld on
You should now have a fully functional LAMP web server. If you add content to the Apache document root at /var/www/html, you should be able to view that content at the public DNS address for your instance.
Related Topics
For more information on transferring files to your instance or installing a WordPress blog on your web server, see the following topics:
[*] Transferring Files to Your Linux Instance Using WinSCP
[*] Transferring Files to Linux Instances from Linux Using SCP
[*] Tutorial: Hosting a WordPress Blog with Amazon EC2
For more information about the Apache web server, go to http://httpd.apache.org/. For more information about the MySQL database server, go to http://www.mysql.com/. For more information about the PHP programming language, go to http://php.net/.
If you are interested in registering a domain name for your web server, or transferring an existing domain name to this host, see Creating and Migrating Domains and Subdomains to Amazon Route 53 in the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.
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