LNMP的的安装
1、先对系统进行更新yum update -y
lsb_release -a
2、禁用SELINUX
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
这一步需要重启服务器
3、安装系统软件以及安装编译器
yum install -y \
gccgcc-c++autoconflibjpeglibjpeg-devellibpnglibpng-develfreetype\
freetype-devellibxml2libxml2-develzlibzlib-develglibcglibc-develglib2glib2-devel \
bzip2bzip2-develncursesncurses-develcurlcurl-devele2fsprogse2fsprogs-develkrb5\
krb5-devellibidnlibidn-developensslopenssl-developenldapopenldap-develnss_ldap\
openldap-clientsopenldap-serversmakebisoncmakelsofrsyncvixie-cronsubversion\
pcrepcre-devellrzszwgetvim-commonvim-enhancedntpsudochkconfigopenssh* \
gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel
4、安装Google-perftools (使用tcmalloc 加速 mysql 和 nginx)
centos 》 nginx 》gperftools》libunwind 依赖顺序， 先安装libunwind
cd /usr/local/src
wget-c http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libunwind/libunwind-1.1.tar.gz >libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
tar zxf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
cd libunwind-1.1
./configure --enable-shared
make && make install
安装google-perftools
cd /usr/local/src
wget -c ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ports/distfiles/gperftools-2.1.tar.gz
#wget -c http://gperftools.googlecode.com/files/google-perftools-2.1.tar.gz(现在googlecode.com被封了)
tar -vxzf gperftools-2.1.tar.gz
cd gperftools-2.1
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/gperftools \
--disable-cpu-profiler \
--enable-shared \
--disable-heap-profiler \
--disable-heap-checker \
--disable-dependency-tracking \
--enable-frame-pointers
make && make install
更新，使动态链接库能够被系统共享
/sbin/ldconfig
echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
ldconfig
5、安装mysql (需要 cmake ncurses-devel bison库)
安装ncurses
cd /usr/local/src
wget -c ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.9.tar.gz
tar zxf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz
cd ncurses-5.9
./configure
make && make install
安装cmake
cd /usr/local/src/
wget -c http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.2/cmake-3.2.1.tar.gz
tar zxf cmake-3.2.1.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.2.1
./bootstrap
make && make install
安装bison
cd /usr/local/src/
wget -c http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.0.1.tar.gz
tar zvxf bison-3.0.1.tar.gz
cd bison-3.0.1
./configure
make && make install
创建mysql需要的目录、配置用户和用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
安装msyql
wget -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.25.tar.gz
tar zxf mysql-5.6.25.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.25
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ \
-DWITH_SSL=yes \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=on
make && make install
配置mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/lib* /usr/lib/
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql
cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
在下添加一行
default-character-set = utf8
在下添加一行
character-set-server = utf8
启动配置
设置mysql开机自动启动服务
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
修改服务配置文件
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
启动mysqld服务
service mysqld start
数据库初始化及修改root密码(root初始密码为空)
./bin/mysql_secure_installation
软连接mysql
ln -s /opt/mysql/bin/mysql /bin
重启centos后，尝试用root连接mysql
mysql -u root -p
status;
使用tcmalloc优化mysql ( 需要安装google-perftools)
修改MySQL启动脚本（根据你的MySQL安装位置而定）
vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
在#executing mysqld_safe的下一行，加上：
export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/gperftools/lib/libtcmalloc.so
重启服务，查看tcmalloc是否生效 (第二条命令显示即生效)
service mysqld restart
lsof -n | grep tcmalloc
如果显示以下类似的信息，即表示tcmalloc生效
lsof -n|grep tcmalloc
mysqld 1824 mysqlmem REG 253,01853008 801969 /usr/local/gperftools/lib/libtcmalloc.so.4.1.2
6、安装Nginx
创建账户
cd /usr/local/src
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
ulimit -SHn 65535
安装pcre
cd /usr/local/src
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.35
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/
make && make install
安装nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.7.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.7.1
vim ./src/core/nginx.h
修改NGINX_VERSION为你希望显示的版号
修改NGINX_VER为你希望显示的名称
修改NGINX_VAR 为你希望显示的名称
编译安装
./configure \
--user=www \
--group=www \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-google_perftools_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module \
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35 \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module
make && make install
配置\修改 nginx.conf ，令nginx可以google-perftools实现加速
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
修改前面几行为：
user www www;
worker_processes 8;#这个要看你的处理器的数量了
error_log logs/error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc/;
events{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
测试和运行
cd /usr/local/nginx/
./sbin/nginx -t
如果显示下面信息，即表示配置没问题
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
输入代码运行nginx服务
./sbin/nginx
ps au|grep nginx
如果显以类似下面的信息，即表示nginx已经启动
root 300380.00.0 5980 740 pts/0 S+ 00:12 0:00 grep nginx
输入代码检测是否支持加速
lsof -n | grep tcmalloc
如果显示类似下面的信息，即表示支持tcmalloc加速 (mysqld和nginx两个线程都支持)
mysqld 8297 mysqlmem REG 253,01853334 274527 /usr/local/gperftools/lib/libtcmalloc.so.4.1.2
nginx 8353 www 9w REG 253,0 0 278727 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8353
nginx 8354 www 11w REG 253,0 0 278703 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8354
nginx 8355 www 13w REG 253,0 0 278675 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8355
nginx 8356 www 15w REG 253,0 0 278701 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8356
nginx 8357 www 17w REG 253,0 0 278702 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8357
nginx 8358 www 19w REG 253,0 0 278737 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8358
nginx 8359 www 21w REG 253,0 0 278736 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8359
nginx 8360 www 23w REG 253,0 0 278713 /tmp/tcmalloc/.8360
打开防火墙80端口、写入规则，保存并重启服务
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
/etc/init.d/iptables restart
查看防火墙信息
/etc/init.d/iptables status
如果显示以下类似信息，即表示已经打开了80端口
1 ACCEPT tcp--0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80
编写nginx 启动服务
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
killall -9 nginx
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
保存后，设置权限，并添加到启动服务列表中
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig --level 345 nginx on
service nginx start
7、安装PHP
安装php依赖库jpeg
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v9.tar.gz
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v9.tar.gz
cd jpeg-9/
./configure --prefix=/data/app/libs --enable-shared --enable-static --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
png
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/libpng/libpng-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf libpng-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.6.2/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
freetype
wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.4.12.tar.gz
tar zxvf freetype-2.4.12.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.4.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
libmcrypt
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
libtool
wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/libtool/libtool-2.4.6.tar.gz
tar zxf libtool-2.4.6.tar.gz
cd libtool-2.4.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
mhash
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
mcrypt
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include"
touch malloc.h
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-libmcrypt-prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
编译安装PHP 5.5
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.5.23.tar.gz
tar zxvf php-5.5.23.tar.gz
cd php-5.5.23/
export LIBS="-lm -ltermcap -lresolv"
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="/lib/:/usr/lib/:/usr/local/lib:/lib64/:/usr/lib64/:/usr/local/lib64"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/lib/:/usr/lib/:/usr/local/lib:/lib64/:/usr/lib64/:/usr/local/lib64"
编译
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-path=/etc/\
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/lib\
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/lib\
--with-png-dir=/usr/local/lib \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/lib \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--enable-opcache \
--with-pdo-mysql \
--enable-embed=shared \
--enable-debug \
--enable-dtrace
安装&&配置
make &&& make install
cp php.ini-development /etc/php.ini
配置php-fpm
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
mv /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
#修改以下地方
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = log/php-fpm.log
emergency_restart_threshold = 10
emergency_restart_interval = 1m
process_control_timeout = 5s
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_children = 35
user = www
group = www
修改nginx，支持php
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
找到并修改以下代码
location ~ \.php$ {
root /data/www;你的文档目录
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
将php-fpm
cd/usr/local/src/php-5.5.23
cp ./sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm/etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 700 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig --level 345 php-fpm on
服务方式启动php-fpm
service php-fpm restart
编写测试页面
vim /data/www/index.php
输入代码
<html>
<head><title>hello php</title></head>
<body>
<?php phpinfo();?>
</body>
</html>
编译安装PHP扩展
autoconf
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf autoconf-latest.tar.gz
cd autoconf-2.69/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
memcache
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgz
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.7/
export PHP_AUTOCONF=" /usr/local/bin/autoconf"
export PHP_AUTOHEADER=" /usr/local/bin/autoheader"
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config= /usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
vim /etc/php.ini
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20121212"
extension = "memcache.so"
开启opcache扩展
zend_extension = "opcache.so"
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
snmp的安装
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
tar zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
cd setuptools-0.6c11
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
下载地址http://www.net-snmp.org/download.html
./configure \
--with-perl-modules \
--prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp \
--enable-mfd-rewrites \
--with-default-snmp-version="2" \
--with-sys-contact="pingzhao1990@163.com" \
--with-sys-location="China" \
--with-logfile="/var/log/snmpd.log"\
--with-persistent-directory="/var/net-snmp"
make && make install
加入环境变量
vim /etc/rc.local
在文件的末尾添加上一行：
/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd -c /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf &
vim /etc/profile
找到有export关键词单独的一行前添加下面一行：
PATH=/usr/local/net-snmp/bin:/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin:$PATH
DTrace
yum install systemtap-sdt-devel
8、Linux内核优化&&Nginx缓存优化
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