Lnmp环境的安装
来自张宴的博客：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）一、获取相关开源程序：1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：sudo -sLANG=Cyum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/③、RPM包搜索网站http://rpm.pbone.net/http://www.rpmfind.net/④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：Ⅰ、i386 系统wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpmrpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpmwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpmrpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpmwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpmrpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpmⅡ、x86_64 系统wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpmwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpmwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2009年09月18日的最新稳定版。①、从软件的官方网站下载：mkdir -p /data0/softwarecd /data0/softwarewget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gzwget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.10.tar.gz/from/this/mirrorwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gzwget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gzwget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgzwget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gzwget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gzwget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz②、从blog.s135.com下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：mkdir -p /data0/softwarecd /data0/softwarewget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.10.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.38.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gzwget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz二、安装PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI模式）1、编译安装PHP 5.2.10所需的支持库：tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gzcd libiconv-1.13/./configure --prefix=/usr/localmakemake installcd ../tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gzcd libmcrypt-2.5.8/./configuremakemake install/sbin/ldconfigcd libltdl/./configure --enable-ltdl-installmakemake installcd ../../tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gzcd mhash-0.9.9.9/./configuremakemake installcd ../ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.aln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gzcd mcrypt-2.6.8//sbin/ldconfig./configuremakemake installcd ../ 2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.38/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysqltar zxvf mysql-5.1.38.tar.gzcd mysql-5.1.38/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobasemake && make installchmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysqlcd ../附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql③、创建my.cnf配置文件：vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf输入以下内容：default-character-set = utf8port = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql.sockprompt="(\u:blog.s135.com:)[\d]> "no-auto-rehash#default-character-set = utf8user = mysqlport = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql.sockbasedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysqldatadir = /data0/mysql/3306/dataopen_files_limit = 10240back_log = 600max_connections = 3000max_connect_errors = 6000table_cache = 614external-locking = FALSEmax_allowed_packet = 32Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 300thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 32Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mquery_cache_min_res_unit = 2kdefault-storage-engine = MyISAMdefault_table_type = MyISAMthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTEDtmp_table_size = 246Mmax_heap_table_size = 246Mlong_query_time = 1log_long_formatlog-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlogbinlog_cache_size = 4Mbinlog_format = MIXEDmax_binlog_cache_size = 8Mmax_binlog_size = 512Mexpire_logs_days = 7key_buffer_size = 256Mread_buffer_size = 1Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 16Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverskip-name-resolvemaster-connect-retry = 10slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396server-id = 1innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 4innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 128Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120innodb_file_per_table = 0quickmax_allowed_packet = 32M④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：#!/bin/shmysql_port=3306mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="12345678"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL...\n"/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlsleep 5function_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}if [ "$1" = "start" ]; thenfunction_start_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; thenfunction_stop_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; thenfunction_restart_mysqlelif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; thenfunction_kill_mysqlelseprintf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"fi⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql⑥、启动MySQL：/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gzgzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1cd php-5.2.10/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pearmake ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'make installcp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.inicd ../curl http://pear.php.net/go-pear | /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgzcd memcache-2.2.5//usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-configmakemake installcd ../tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3//usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-configmakemake installcd ../tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgzcd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2//usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysqlmakemake installcd ../tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gzcd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/./configuremakemake installcd ../tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgzcd imagick-2.2.2//usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-configmakemake installcd ../ 5、修改php.ini文件手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：extension = "memcache.so"extension = "pdo_mysql.so"extension = "imagick.so"再查找output_buffering = Off修改为output_buffering = On自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.inised -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.inised -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cachevi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"eaccelerator.shm_size="64"eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"eaccelerator.enable="1"eaccelerator.optimizer="1"eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"eaccelerator.debug="0"eaccelerator.filter=""eaccelerator.shm_max="0"eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"eaccelerator.shm_only="0"eaccelerator.compress="1"eaccelerator.compress_level="9"7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：/usr/sbin/groupadd www/usr/sbin/useradd -g www wwwmkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blogchmod +w /data0/htdocs/blogchown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blogmkdir -p /data0/htdocs/wwwchmod +w /data0/htdocs/wwwchown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.confvi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：<?xml version="1.0" ?><configuration>All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix<section name="global_options">Pid file<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>Error log file<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>Log level<value name="log_level">notice</value>When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>Set to 'no' to debug fpm<value name="daemonize">yes</value></section><workers><section name="pool">Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.<value name="name">default</value>Address to accept fastcgi requests on.Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value><value name="listen_options">Set listen(2) backlog<value name="backlog">-1</value>Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.<value name="owner"></value><value name="group"></value><value name="mode">0666</value></value>Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.<value name="php_defines"><value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value><value name="display_errors">1</value></value>Unix user of processes<value name="user">www</value>Unix group of processes<value name="group">www</value>Process manager settings<value name="pm">Sets style of controling worker process count.Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'<value name="style">static</value>Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgiUsed with any pm_style.<value name="max_children">128</value>Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style<value name="apache_like">Sets the number of server processes created on startup.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="StartServers">20</value>Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value></value></value>The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminatedShould be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason'0s' means 'off'<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file'0s' means 'off'<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>The log file for slow requests<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>Set open file desc rlimit<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>Set max core size rlimit<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path<value name="chroot"></value>Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path<value name="chdir"></value>Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>How much requests each process should execute before respawn.Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.For endless request processing please specify 0Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS<value name="max_requests">102400</value>Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATHAll $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment<value name="environment"><value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value><value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value><value name="TMP">/tmp</value><value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value><value name="TEMP">/tmp</value><value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value><value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value><value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value></value></section></workers></configuration>9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：ulimit -SHn 65535/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。三、安装Nginx 0.8.151、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gzcd pcre-7.9/./configuremake && make installcd ../2、安装Nginxtar zxvf nginx-0.8.15.tar.gzcd nginx-0.8.15/./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_modulemake && make installcd ../3、创建Nginx日志目录mkdir -p /data1/logschmod +w /data1/logschown -R www:www /data1/logs4、创建Nginx配置文件①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.confvi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf输入以下内容：引用user www www;worker_processes 8;error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;events{use epoll;worker_connections 65535;}http{include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;#charset gb2312;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;client_header_buffer_size 32k;large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;client_max_body_size 8m;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 60;tcp_nodelay on;fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 300;fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.0;gzip_comp_level 2;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;gzip_vary on;#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;server{listen 80;server_name blog.s135.com;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data0/htdocs/www;#limit_conn crawler 20;location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?${#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fcgi.conf;}location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${expires 30d;}location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${expires 1h;}log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;}}②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf输入以下内容：引用fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirectfastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;5、启动Nginxulimit -SHn 65535/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHPvi /etc/rc.local在末尾增加以下内容：引用ulimit -SHn 65535/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx五、优化Linux内核参数vi /etc/sysctl.conf在末尾增加以下内容：引用# Addnet.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768net.core.somaxconn = 32768net.core.wmem_default = 8388608net.core.rmem_default = 8388608net.core.rmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_max = 16777216net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535使配置立即生效：/sbin/sysctl -p六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is okthe configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：6302这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：kill -HUP 6302或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.shvi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh输入以下内容：引用#!/bin/bash# This script run at 00:00# The Nginx logs pathlogs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").logkill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志crontab -e输入以下内容：引用00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh遇到的错误及解决方法：1、不要忘了第一步，用yum安装环境所需要支持的软件包，要不然在下面的安装中会因为缺少相应的软件包而报错2、如果编译MySQL时出现了以下错误：checking for tgetent in -ltermcap… nochecking for termcap functions library… configure: error: No curses/termcap library found说明 curses/termcap 库没有安装去下载一个ncurses-5.6.tar.gz，wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.6.tar.gztar zxvf ncurses-5.6.tar.gzcd ncurses-5.6./configure –prefix=/usr –with-shared –without-debugmakemake install3、如果的启动MySQL的时候不能启动，说mysql.sock不存在，要去错误logs看错误提示，张宴的那个mysql是 5.1 默认的binlog_format=MIXED是对的！mysql 5.0.xx则不支持binlog_format=MIXED，所以使用mysql 5.0.xx版本的数据库要在my.cnf配置文件中把这一行去掉，则能启动成功。 相关配置文件路径集合：服务器根目录：/data0/htdocs/www数据库文件目录：/data0/htdocs/mysql/3306/data1、启动mysql：/data0/mysql/3306/mysql startmysql的配置文件：vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf登录mysql服务器：/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock设置MySQL的密码为：set PASSWORD for 'root'@'localhost'=PASSWORD('123456');输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';2、PHP的配置文件：vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.iniphp-fpm配置文件：vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页启动php-cgi进程：ulimit -SHn 65535/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。3、Nginx日志目录：/data1/logsNginx配置文件：vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中的fcgi.conf文件启动Nginx： ulimit -SHn 65535/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx4、优化Linux内核参数的配置文件：vi /etc/sysctl.conf 使配置立即生效：/sbin/sysctl -p5、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is okthe configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：6302这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：kill -HUP 6302或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`6、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.shvi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh输入以下内容：#!/bin/bash# This script run at 00:00# The Nginx logs pathlogs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").logkill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志crontab -e输入以下内容：00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
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