MySQL主从复制与lvs+keepalived单点写入读负载均衡高可用实验【转】
一、环境Master（主机A）：192.168.1.1
Slave（主机B） ：192.168.1.2
W-VIP（写入）：192.168.1.3
R-VIP（读取）：192.168.1.4
Client（测试） ：192.168.1.100
操作系统版本：CentOS release 6.4
MySQL数据库版本：5.6.14
keepalived版本：1.2.7
LVS版本：1.26
所有环境均为虚拟机
二、设计思路
1. 服务器A和B，通过mysql的slave进程同步数据。
2. 通过keepalived启用两个虚IP：W-VIP/R-VIP，一个负责写入，一个负责读取，实现读写分离。
3. A和B都存在时，W-VIP下将请求转发至主机A，R-VIP将请求转发给A和B，实现负载均衡。
4. 当主机A异常时，B接管服务，W-VIP/R-VIP此时漂到了主机B上，此时这两个虚IP下都是主机B，实现高可用
5. 当主机B异常时，R-VIP会将B踢出，其他不变
三、架构图
四、软件安装
主从两个主机都要装以下软件：
1. MySQL的安装（略）
2. keepalived安装
yum install keepalived
2. LVS安装
yum install ipvsadm
五、配置
1. 配置MySQL的主从复制（略）
2. 配置keepalived
Master上的配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
view plaincopy
[*]! Configuration File for keepalived
[*]
[*]global_defs {
[*] router_id MySQL-ha
[*]}
[*]
[*]vrrp_instance VI_1 {
[*] state BACKUP
[*] interface eth1
[*] virtual_router_id 90
[*] priority 100
[*] advert_int 1
[*] notify_master "/usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh"
[*] nopreempt
[*] authentication {
[*] auth_type PASS
[*] auth_pass 1111
[*] }
[*] virtual_ipaddress {
[*] 192.168.1.3 label eth1:1
[*] 192.168.1.4 label eth1:2
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]virtual_server 192.168.1.3 6603 {
[*] delay_loop 2
[*] lb_algo wrr
[*] lb_kind DR
[*] persistence_timeout 60
[*] protocol TCP
[*] real_server 192.168.1.1 6603 {
[*] weight 3
[*] notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
[*] TCP_CHECK {
[*] connect_timeout 10
[*] nb_get_retry 3
[*] delay_before_retry 3
[*] connect_port 6603
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]virtual_server 192.168.1.4 6603 {
[*] delay_loop 2
[*] lb_algo wrr
[*] lb_kind DR
[*] persistence_timeout 60
[*] protocol TCP
[*] real_server 192.168.1.1 6603 {
[*] weight 1
[*] notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
[*] TCP_CHECK {
[*] connect_timeout 10
[*] nb_get_retry 3
[*] delay_before_retry 3
[*] connect_port 6603
[*] }
[*] }
[*] real_server 192.168.1.2 6603 {
[*] weight 3
[*] TCP_CHECK {
[*] connect_timeout 10
[*] nb_get_retry 3
[*] delay_before_retry 3
[*] connect_port 6603
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
keepalived配置成服务并开机启动
view plaincopy
[*]cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[*]cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[*]cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[*]chkconfig --add keepalived
[*]chkconfig --level 345 keepalived on
vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh
view plaincopy
[*]#!/bin/bash
[*]user=u1
[*]password=12345
[*]log=/usr/local/mysql/log/remove_slave.log
[*]echo "`date`" >> $log
[*]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$user -p$password -e "set global read_only=OFF;reset master;stop slave;change master to master_host='localhost';" >> $log
[*]/bin/sed -i 's#read-only#\#read-only#' /etc/my.cnf
vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
view plaincopy
[*]#!/bin/bash
[*]/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Slave上的配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
view plaincopy
[*]! Configuration File for keepalived
[*]
[*]global_defs {
[*] router_id MySQL-ha
[*]}
[*]
[*]vrrp_instance VI_1 {
[*] state BACKUP
[*] interface eth1
[*] virtual_router_id 90
[*] priority 99
[*] advert_int 1
[*] notify_master "/usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh"
[*] authentication {
[*] auth_type PASS
[*] auth_pass 1111
[*] }
[*] virtual_ipaddress {
[*] 192.168.1.3 label eth1:1
[*] 192.168.1.4 label eth1:2
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]virtual_server 192.168.1.3 6603 {
[*] delay_loop 2
[*] lb_algo wrr
[*] lb_kind DR
[*] persistence_timeout 60
[*] protocol TCP
[*] real_server 192.168.1.2 6603 {
[*] weight 3
[*] notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
[*] TCP_CHECK {
[*] connect_timeout 10
[*] nb_get_retry 3
[*] delay_before_retry 3
[*] connect_port 6603
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
[*]
[*]virtual_server 192.168.1.4 6603 {
[*] delay_loop 2
[*] lb_algo wrr
[*] lb_kind DR
[*] persistence_timeout 60
[*] protocol TCP
[*] real_server 192.168.1.2 6603 {
[*] weight 3
[*] notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
[*] TCP_CHECK {
[*] connect_timeout 10
[*] nb_get_retry 3
[*] delay_before_retry 3
[*] connect_port 6603
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
keepalived配置成服务并开机启动
view plaincopy
[*]cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[*]cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[*]cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[*]chkconfig --add keepalived
[*]chkconfig --level 345 keepalived on
vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/remove_slave.sh
view plaincopy
[*]#!/bin/bash
[*]user=u1
[*]password=12345
[*]log=/usr/local/mysql/log/remove_slave.log
[*]echo "`date`" >> $log
[*]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$user -p$password -e "set global read_only=OFF;reset master;stop slave;change master to master_host='localhost';" >> $log
[*]/bin/sed -i 's#read-only#\#read-only#' /etc/my.cnf
vi /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
view plaincopy
[*]#!/bin/bash
[*]/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
3. 配置LVS
Master与Slave上的配置相同：
vi /usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh
view plaincopy
[*]#!/bin/bash
[*]# description: Config realserver lo and apply noarp
[*]
[*]SNS_VIP=192.168.1.3
[*]SNS_VIP2=192.168.1.4
[*]source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
[*]case "$1" in
[*]
[*]start)
[*] ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
[*] ifconfig lo:1 $SNS_VIP2 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP2
[*] /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
[*] /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP2 dev lo:1
[*] echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
[*] echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
[*] echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
[*] echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
[*] sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
[*] echo "RealServer Start OK"
[*] ;;
[*]
[*]stop)
[*] ifconfig lo:0 down
[*] ifconfig lo:1 down
[*] route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
[*] route del $SNS_VIP2 >/dev/null 2>&1
[*] echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
[*] echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
[*] echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
[*] echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
[*] echo "RealServer Stoped"
[*] ;;
[*]
[*]*)
[*]
[*] echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
[*] exit 1
[*]esac
[*]exit 0
view plaincopy
[*]chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh
[*]echo "/usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh start" >> /etc/rc.local
五、Master和Slave的启动
1. 启动Master上的MySQL
service mysql start
2. 启动Slave上的MySQL
service mysql start
3. 启动Master上的realserver脚本
/usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh start
4. 启动Slave上的realserver脚本
/usr/local/bin/lvs_real.sh start
5. 启动Master上的keepalived
service keepalived start
6. 启动Slave上的keepalived
service keepalived start
六、测试
1. 查看lvs能否进行负载均衡转发
在Master和Slave上分别执行：
ipvsadm -ln
2. 在Client上验证连通性：
ping 192.168.1.3
ping 192.168.1.4
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
3. 停掉Master上的MySQL，看写IP否自动切换到Slave，看读IP是否去掉了Master的MySQL
在Master和Slave上分别执行：
ipvsadm -ln
在Client上执行：
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
4. 停掉Master上的keepalived，看读写VIP是否会迁移到Slave上。
在Master和Slave上分别执行：
ipvsadm -ln
在Client上执行：
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
5. 停掉Slave上的MySQL，看读IP是否去掉了Slave的MySQL
在Master和Slave上分别执行：
ipvsadm -ln
在Client上执行：
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.3 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -u u1 -p12345 -P 6603 -h 192.168.1.4 -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
6. 重启Master的系统，看看切换过程是否正常
七、参考
http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=17K0UDApzfK18A8F5Of9wl0lmGx6AD_0PQ8GyVqmCsBMSz16xjt2JI88lPAeID2qECs7piUxkzQLyatTtDuEJxwZEy6joIBfBmT3vgTfdUS
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23500957-id-3781918.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23500957-id-3781919.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20639775-id-3337471.html
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