[Web服务器搭建][LNMP]Centos6.3x64+nginx1.6+php5.5(fastcgi)+mysql5.5搭建
一，安装前准备1,,PCRE
在这之前要安装PCRE,它是perl所用的正则表达式，目的让所安软件支持正则表达式，默认情况下nginx只处理静态页面，动态页面脚本需要根据正则查找路径交给php处理。
首先查看系统自带的PCRE
rpm -qa | grep pcre
一般系统都会自带，要删除系统自带的，在这之前要备份一下libpcre.so.0这个文件，因为RPM包关联性强，在删除后没有libpcre.so.0这个文件是安不上pcre的
cp /lib64/libpcre.so.0 /
然后删除pcre
rpm -e --nodeps pcrexxxx
tar zxvf pcrexxx.tar.gz
cd pcrexxx
cp /libpcre.so.0 /lib64/libpcre.so.0
./configure
make && make install
2,安装必须的lib工具库
yum -y install openssl* gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curlcurl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers make autoconf automake
二，安装nginx，mysql，php
1,安装nginx
要求：GCC编译器和相关工具，还需要有autoconf和automake工具，用于自动创建功能完善的makefile，当前大多数软件包都是用着一工具生成的makefile的，nginx也是，模块依赖性：nginx一些模块需要第三方库，如gzip模块需要zlib库，rewrite模块需要pcre库，ssl功能需要openssl库。
mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx
/usr/sbin/groupadd nginx
/usr/sbin/useradd -g nginx nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
tar zxvf nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.0
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http-stub_status_module
make && make install
检查是否安装成功
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
./nginx :error while loading shared libraries:libpcre.so.1:cannot open shared object file:No such file or directory缺少lib文件
ldd $(which /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx)
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64
结果显示：
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ps -ef | grep nginx
启动，停止
启动：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"-c"指定配置文件路径，默认加载安装目录下conf下的配置文件
停止：一般通过发送系统信号给Nginx主进程方式停止nginx
ps -ef | grep nginx
如果在nginx.conf配置文件中指定了pid文件存放的路径(例如:/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid),如果没有指定pid文件存放的路径，nginx.pid文件默认存放在nginx安装目录的logs目录下
从容停止：kill - QUIT nginx主进程号 或者 kill - QUIT /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
快速停止：KILL -TERM nginx主进程号 或者 kill -TERM /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
kill -INT nginx主进程号 或者 kill -INT /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
强制停止所有nginx进程
pkill -9 nginx
2,安装mysql
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /var/local/mysql/data
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
chown mysql:mysql -R /var/local/mysql/data
tar zxvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.4
./configure
make && make install
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.37.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.37
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql5.5 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/local/mysql/data -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
编译选项说明：
//mysql安装的主目录，5.5.8版本默认为/usr/local/mysql，所以可以不添加
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
//mysql数据保存的路径，自定义
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/system_username/mysql/mysqldata
//mysql配置文件地址------The default my.cnf option file directory
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
//Compile storage engine xxx statically into server
/*Storage engines are built as plugins. You can build a plugin as a static module (compiled into the server)
*or a dynamic module(built as a dynamic library that must be installed into the server using the INSTALL
*PLUGIN statement or the --plugin-load option before it can be used). Some plugins might not support static
*or dynamic building.
*/
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
//Unix socket file
/**The Unix socket file path on which the server listens for socket connections. This must be an absolute path*name. The default is /tmp/mysql.sock
*/
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock
//数据库服务器TCP/IP连接的监听端口，默认为3306
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
//Whether to enable LOCAL capability in the client library for LOAD DATA INFILE
//默认为关闭，这里开启
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
/数据库编码设置
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make && make install
cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
内存1-2g选huge比较好
vi /etc/my.cnf
可以根据需要在下增加
//同时设置才生效
interactive_timeout = 100
wait_timeout = 100
max_connections = 1500
max_connect_errors =1500
default-storage-engine=MyISAM
创建启动脚本
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
初始化mysql并生成授权库
bash scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/local/mysql
启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
登陆
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
修改密码
use mysql
update user set password=PASSWORD("xxxxx") where user = 'root'
FLUSH PRIVILEGES
将mysql加入启动项，设置成服务启动
chkconfig -add mysqld
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
service mysqld restart
注意 mysql5.5以后的tart包是cmake安装的，而不是之前的autotools即configure方式
3，安装php(fast-cgi)
安装基本依赖库
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v9.tar.gz
cd jpeg-9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libpng-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.6.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf freetype-2.4.12.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.4.12/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd libltdl/
./configure--enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure --prefix=/server/libs
make
make install
cd ../
对共享库做符号链接
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18
#编辑lib库查询路径变量
vi /etc/ld.so.conf
#在文件末尾添加后保存
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/mysql/lib
#使更改生效
ldconfig
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include"
touch malloc.h
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-libmcrypt-prefix=/usr/local/lib
make
make install
cd ../
安装php
mkdir -p /usr/local/php5.5
tar zxvf php-5.5.10
cd php-5.5.10
export LIBS="-lm -ltermcap -lresolv"
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/mysql/lib/:/lib/:/usr/lib/:/usr/local/lib:/lib64/:/usr/lib64/:/usr/local/lib64"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/mysql/lib/:/lib/:/usr/lib/:/usr/local/lib:/lib64/:/usr/lib64/:/usr/local/lib
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5.5 --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/ --with-freetype-dir --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5.5 --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysql_config --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-mhash--enable-sockets --enable-ftp --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf--with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --enable-fpm --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear--disable-fileinfo（内存小宇1G编译不成功，加上这个成功）
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-development /etc/php.ini
cd ../
cp /usr/local/php5.5/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php5.5/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改
user = nobody
group = nobody
为
user = www
group = www
将;pid = run/php-fpm.pid前的;去掉并修改为
pid = /usr/local/php5.5/var/run/php-fpm.pid
启动php-fpm
/usr/local/php5.5/sbin/php-fpm
三，php,php-fpm,nginx支持php配置
#复制拷贝php主配置文件
cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
#复制php-fpm启动脚本（可以采用诸如service php-fpm start|restart|stop命令的脚本）
#该启动脚本编译的时候已经将必须的配置路径设置好了， 复制即可使用
cp ./sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
#设置启动权限并加入开机启动
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #添加执行权限
chkconfig php-fpm on #设置php通过nginx的php-fpm方式的开机启动
#ps补充mysql的
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #mysql添加mysql的执行权限
chkconfig mysqld on #设置mysql开机启动
#php-fpm配置文件
cd /usr/local/php5.5/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vi php-fpm.conf
#修改如下（php-fpm与nginx的执行用户必须相同）
user = nginx
group = nginx
#nginx支持php-fpm
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
vi nginx.conf
#修改如下所述部分
user nginx nginx;
pid /server/data/nginx.pid
#index 的位置添加 index.php
location ~ \.php$ {
root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
四，nginx启动文件、启动nginx、mysql、php-fpm
将nginx设置成 service nginx start|restart|stop等形式
#nginx启动脚本
vi /etc/init.d/nginx
#写入如下内容[文件另提一个代码段]，保存之后授予该执行文件权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
#或者chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 是一个意思
脚本：
#Server nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
# By www.jjonline.cn
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
#configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
#configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
test)
configtest || exit 0
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
启动php，php-fpm,nginx
service mysqld start
service nginx start
service php-fpm start
五，问题
启动php-fpm时提示“Starting php-fpm /server/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directoryfailed”
做个文件连接即可：
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18 #注意64位和32位的路径区别
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