LNMP环境搭建——Nginx篇
1.Nginx配置文件测试
root@kallen:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.confsyntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
2.Nginx启动
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
3.Nginx负载均衡
Nginx Architecture：
Nginx LoadBalance：
Nginx High Availability：
Nginx Access Process：
Nginx 的 upstream 目前支持4 种方式的分配——
(1)轮询（默认） :
每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器down掉，能自动剔除。
(2)weight ：
指定轮询几率，weight 和访问比率成正比，用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。
(3)ip_hash ：
每个请求按访问ip 的hash 结果分配，这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决session 的问题。可以针对同一个C 类地址段中的客户端选择同一个后端服务器，除非那个后端服务器宕了才会换一个。
(4)fair（第三方）:
按后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求，响应时间短的优先分配。
(5)url_hash（第三方）:
按访问url 的hash 结果来分配请求，使每个url 定向到同一个后端服务器，后端服务器为缓存时比较有效。
4.Nginx安装及配置
(1) nginx源码安装
# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget http://syslab.comsenz.com/downloads/linux/nginx-0.9.6.tar.gz
# tar zxvf nginx-0.9.6.tar.gz
# cd nginx-0.9.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log
--http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid
--lock-path=/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.lock
--http-client-body-temp-path=/dev/shm/nginx_temp/client_body
--http-proxy-temp-path=/dev/shm/nginx_temp/proxy
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/dev/shm/nginx_temp/fastcgi
--user=www --group=www
--with-cpu-opt=pentium4F
--without-select_module
--without-poll_module
--with-http_realip_module
--with-http_sub_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_stub_status_module
--without-http_ssi_module
--without-http_userid_module
--without-http_geo_module
--without-http_memcached_module
--without-http_map_module
--without-mail_pop3_module
--without-mail_imap_module
--without-mail_smtp_module
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32/
--with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib
# make && make install
# mkdir /dev/shm/nginx_temp
有的nginx版本编译时会因为pcre编译不过去，需要修改一下
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32，前提是已经下载了pcre源码包pcre-7.8.tar.gz，并解压到/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32，不需要编译pcre.
在实际安装过程中可能需要手动安装以下依赖包：
a. 安装依赖软件
# apt-get --install-suggests install gcc g++ make
b. 下载相关软件
wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz
wget http://www.canonware.com/download/jemalloc/jemalloc-3.6.0.tar.bz2
wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.0.2.tar.gz
c. 安装Pcre
tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.35
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre-8.35
make && make install
d. 安装Zlib
tar zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib-1.2.8
make && make install
-1:
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option
-2:
configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support.
make: *** Error 1
make: Leaving directory /home/kallen/MyDOC/nginx-1.8.0
make: *** Error 2
安装完成后的配置信息如下：
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: /usr/local/src/pcre-8.32
+ OpenSSL library is not used
+ using builtin md5 code
+ sha1 library is not found
+ using zlib library: /usr/local/zlib
nginx path prefix:"/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file:"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix:"/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file:"/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file:"/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files:"/dev/shm/nginx_temp/client_body"
nginx http proxy temporary files:"/dev/shm/nginx_temp/proxy"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files:"/dev/shm/nginx_temp/fastcgi"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files:"uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files:"scgi_temp"
(2) 编写nginx启动脚本
# vi /etc/init.d/nginx
写入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
#
# Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
#
# Kallen Ding, Apr 23 2015
NGINX_PATH="/usr/local/nginx/"
OPTIONS="-c ${NGINX_PATH}conf/nginx.conf"
prog=nginx
nginx=${NGINX_PATH}sbin/nginx
pidfile=/var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
start() {
echo -n "Starting $prog: "
daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $nginx $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n "Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} $nginx
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status}"
RETVAL=3
esac
exit $RETVAL
保存后，更改/etc/init.d/nginx的权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on
【注】文中所有图片均来自Nginx官网.
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