LVS环境搭建及图形化管理（Pacemaker管理+heartbeat心跳+ipvs(DR)+ldirector健康检查及转发）
LVS环境搭建及图形化管理（Pacemaker管理+heartbeat心跳+ipvs(DR)ldirector健康检查及转发）很久没有正儿八经的写技术博客了，希望各位看官海涵。接下来，直接进入主题。
为了使用一个名叫LCMC（好像叫Linux Cluster Managerment Console）的lvs图形化管理界面，我这次lvs的主角确定为heartbeat（基本停止开发，只进行维护）。之前在公司的生产环境进行试验，所以LCMC可以直接连接公网进行wget和yum安装，所以一切都显得非常便捷，基本一个主备模式的lvs只需要几分钟就轻松搞定。为了防止试验环境对生产网的干扰，只得把主机放到测试环境中去。由于测试环境无法直接访问公网，所以花了一天把所需的安装包都收集好。好了，开始安装。
1.系统安装
操作系统：RHEL5.8 X86_64 版本
内核版本： 2.6.18-308.el5 2.配置
借图一用
服务器及IP为
虚拟IP(VIP) ： eth0：192.168.29.100 eth1：xxx.xxx.xxx.45/46
主LVS(ds1.lvs.stefentang): eth0：192.168.29.45 eth1：xxx.xxx.xxx.45
备LVS(ds2.lvs.stefentang): eth0：192.168.29.46 eth1：xxx.xxx.xxx.46
实机1(rs1.lvs.stefentang)： eth0：192.168.29.47(45)eth0：无
实机2(rs2.lvs.stefentang)： eth0：192.168.29.48(46)eth0：无
3.软件安装
为了便于日后集成到操作系统的安装包中去，都采用rpm包安装（所需安装包稍后上传）
在ds1和ds2上分别安装：
# rpm -ivh --force *.rpm# rpm -ivh --force *.rpm执行结果：
Preparing... ###########################################
1:libtool-ltdl ###########################################
2:net-snmp-libs ###########################################
3:libesmtp ###########################################
4:openhpi-libs ###########################################
5:OpenIPMI-libs ###########################################
6:lm_sensors ########################################### [ 11%]
7:libqb ########################################### [ 13%]
8:imake ########################################### [ 14%]
9:drbd83 ########################################### [ 16%]
10:bzip2 ########################################### [ 18%]
11:pacemaker-debuginfo ########################################### [ 20%]
12:openais-debuginfo ########################################### [ 21%]
13:heartbeat-debuginfo ########################################### [ 23%]
14:glib2-devel ########################################### [ 25%]
15:cluster-glue-debuginfo ########################################### [ 27%]
16:autoconf ########################################### [ 29%]
17:zlib-devel ########################################### [ 30%]
18:libxml2-devel ########################################### [ 32%]
19:automake ########################################### [ 34%]
20:libtool-ltdl-devel ########################################### [ 36%]
21:perl-TimeDate ########################################### [ 38%]
22:openib ########################################### [ 39%]
23:libsepol-devel ########################################### [ 41%]
24:libselinux-devel ########################################### [ 43%]
25:libgpg-error-devel ########################################### [ 45%]
26:libgcrypt-devel ########################################### [ 46%]
27:keyutils-libs-devel ########################################### [ 48%]
28:e2fsprogs-devel ########################################### [ 50%]
29:krb5-devel ########################################### [ 52%]
30:openssl-devel ########################################### [ 54%]
31:libesmtp-devel ########################################### [ 55%]
32:libxslt-devel ########################################### [ 57%]
33:libtool ########################################### [ 59%]
34:bzip2-devel ########################################### [ 61%]
35:kmod-drbd83 ########################################### [ 63%]
36:libqb-devel ########################################### [ 64%]
37:resource-agents-debugin########################################### [ 66%]
38:cluster-glue-libs ########################################### [ 68%]
39:cluster-glue ########################################### [ 70%]
40:libibverbs ########################################### [ 71%]
41:resource-agents ########################################### [ 73%]
42:corosync ########################################### [ 75%]
43:librdmacm ########################################### [ 77%]
44:corosynclib ########################################### [ 79%]
45:cluster-glue-libs-devel########################################### [ 80%]
46:libnes ########################################### [ 82%]
47:corosynclib-devel ########################################### [ 84%]
48:heartbeat-libs ########################################### [ 86%]
49:pacemaker-libs ########################################### [ 88%]
50:openaislib ########################################### [ 89%]
51:heartbeat ########################################### [ 91%]
52:openais ########################################### [ 93%]
53:pacemaker ########################################### [ 95%]
54:heartbeat-devel ########################################### [ 96%]
55:openaislib-devel ########################################### [ 98%]
56:pacemaker-libs-devel ########################################### 4.配置HB(/etc/ha.d/ha.cf)可以由LCMC来完成，也可以手动编辑。
#集群中的节点不会自动加入
autojoin none
#heartbeat会记录debug日志，如果启用use_logd，则此选项会被忽略
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
#记录所有non-debug消息，如果启用use_logd，则此选项会被忽略
logfile /var/log/ha-log
#告诉heartbeat记录那些syslog
logfacility local0
#指定两个心跳检测包的时间间隔
keepalive 1
#多久以后心跳检测决定集群中的node已经挂掉
deadtime 30
#心跳包检测的延时事件，如果延时，只是往日志中记录warning日志，并不切换服务
warntime10
#在heartbeat启动后，在多长时间内宣布node是dead状态，因为有时候系统启动后，网络还需要一段时间才能启动
initdead120
#如果udpport指令在bcast ucast指令的前面，则使用哪个端口进行广播，否则使用默认端口
udpport 694
#设置使用哪个网络接口发送UDP广播包，可以设置多个网络接口
bcasteth1 eth1
#设置在哪个网络接口进行多播心跳检测
mcast eth0 239.192.0.0 694 1 0
#设置使用哪个网络接口进行UDP单播心跳检测，在ds2上为10.0.0.45
#ucasteth1 10.0.0.46
#在主节点的服务恢复后，是否把从节点的服务切换回来
auto_failback off
#告诉集群中有哪些节点，node名称必须是uname -n显示出来的名称，可以在一个node中设置多个节点，也可以多次设置node，每一个在集群中的node都必须被列出来
node ds1.lvs.stefentang ds2.lvs.stefentang
#设置ping节点，ping节点用来检测网络连接
#ping 10.0.0.254
#开启Pacemaker cluster manager，因为历史原因，次选项默认是off，但是应该保持该选项值为respawn。在设置为respawn默认自动使用以下配置
#pacemakerrespawn
crm respawn
compression bz2
compression_threshold 20
traditional_compression on
#默认配置文件中下面还有很多选项，由于暂时用不到所以暂时忽略
5.配置/etc/ha.d/authkeys(LCMC完成，authkeys文件属性必须是600，否则日志会报错。)
## generated by drbd-gui
auth 1
1 sha1 9AO5FmCl9RwBZZLIepNERwSbMMsmgeiF
6.配置ldirectord(/etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf)可以手动编辑，也可以拷贝ldirectord的share目录下的文件
#
# Sample ldirectord configuration file to configure various virtual services.
#
# Ldirectord will connect to each real server once per second and request
# /index.html. If the data returned by the server does not contain the
# string "Test Message" then the test fails and the real server will be
# taken out of the available pool. The real server will be added back into
# the pool once the test succeeds. If all real servers are removed from the
# pool then localhost:80 is added to the pool as a fallback measure.
# Global Directives
checktimeout=3
checkinterval=1
#fallback=127.0.0.1:80
autoreload=yes
logfile="/var/log/ldirectord.log"
#logfile="local0"
emailalert="tanghuifeng@besttone.com.cn"
emailalertfreq=3600
emailalertstatus=all
quiescent=yes
# Sample for an http virtual service
virtual=192.168.29.100:80
real=192.168.29.47(45):80 gate
real=192.168.29.48(46):80 gate
# real=192.168.6.6:80 gate
# fallback=127.0.0.1:80 gate
service=http
request="health/health.html"
receive="running status: available"
# virtualhost=some.domain.com.au
scheduler=rr
#persistent=600
#netmask=255.255.255.255
protocol=tcp
checktype=negotiate
checkport=80
request="health/health.html"
receive="running status: available"
virtualhost=ds1/ds2.lvs.stefentang
测试心跳是否正常： tcpdump -i eth1 -n -p udp port 694
7.安装http服务器
lvs配置完后，配置真实服务器
# rpm -ivh /mnt/Server/apr-1.2.7-11.el5_6.5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh /mnt/Server/postgresql-libs-8.1.23-1.el5_7.3.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh /mnt/Server/apr-util-1.2.7-11.el5_5.2.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh /mnt/Server/mailcap-2.1.23-1.fc6.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh /mnt/Server/httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.x86_64.rpm
# service httpd start
http服务80端口根目录添加一个health/health.html,内容为
running status: available
然后浏览器输入http://RIP/health/health.html ,能正确看到内容。
配置实机环路地址 lo:0(/etc/init.d/lvs_rs)
#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: 2345 80 90
#description:lvs real server set lo:0 VIP address
VIP=192.168.29.100#virtual ip
case "$1" in
start)
echo " start LVS of REALServer"
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
stop)
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
echo "close LVS Directorserver"
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac然后
chmod u+x lvs_rs/etc/inid.d/lvs_rs start
验证ldirectord是否做健康检查可以尝试查看httpd的access日志文件如（访问源从29.45变成29.46期间LVS做了一次切换）：
192.168.29.45 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 372 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
192.168.29.45 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 372 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
192.168.29.46 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 372 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
192.168.29.46 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 372 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
开始怎么也想不通，为啥切换动作差不多花了整整55秒，后来发现DNS配置有问题，干脆把DNS解析注释掉（修改/etc/resolv.conf文件）：
192.168.29.45 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 364 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
192.168.29.45 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 364 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
192.168.29.46 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 364 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
192.168.29.46 - - "GET /health/health.html HTTP/1.1" 200 364 "-" "libwww-perl/5.805"
并且修改heartbeat的以下三个参数后，就缩短到17秒，估计也不能改得太小，造成误判。
warntime5
deadtime10
initdead 30
接下来都可以在LCMC端操作了，稍后配图。
8.查看配置结果
# crm_mon
Attempting connection to the cluster...
============
Last updated: Thu Aug8 06:59:53 2013
Stack: Heartbeat
Current DC: ds1.lvs.stefentang (a4f7c50b-823d-4434-bb1d-850aa18918b2) - partition with quorum
Version: 1.0.12-unknown
2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes
2 Resources configured.
============
Online: [ ds1.lvs.stefentang ds2.lvs.stefentang ]
res_IPaddr2_VIP (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started ds1.lvs.stefentang
res_ldirectord_1 (ocf::heartbeat:ldirectord): Started ds1.lvs.stefentang
# crm_mon
Attempting connection to the cluster...
============
Last updated: Thu Aug8 07:01:15 2013
Stack: Heartbeat
Current DC: ds1.lvs.stefentang (a4f7c50b-823d-4434-bb1d-850aa18918b2) - partition with quorum
Version: 1.0.12-unknown
2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes
2 Resources configured.
============
Online: [ ds1.lvs.stefentang ds2.lvs.stefentang ]
res_IPaddr2_VIP (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started ds1.lvs.stefentang
res_ldirectord_1 (ocf::heartbeat:ldirectord): Started ds1.lvs.stefentang
最后用ab并发1000，10000连接，压了一下，查看了分发情况如下：
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.29.100:http rr
-> 192.168.29.45:http Local 1 3 5071
-> 192.168.29.46:http Route 1 4 4930
Server Software: Apache/2.2.3
Server Hostname: 192.168.29.100
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /is/checkNumber.do
Document Length: 1336 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 68.166 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 9883
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 9883, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 16318053 bytes
HTML transferred: 13448053 bytes
Requests per second: 146.70 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 6816.590 (mean)
Time per request: 6.817 (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 233.78 received
Connection Times (ms)
minmean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 1 742.7 5 3014
Processing: 81 6228 1490.0 6244 11462
Waiting: 33 3396 2218.5 3159 10526
Total: 86 6235 1490.7 6250 11467
心血来潮，测了一下ab的极限，呵呵：
==================================10000=====================================
InActConn连接数上不去了，保持在2600左右
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.29.100:http rr
-> 192.168.29.45:http Local 1 4996 2563
-> 192.168.29.46:http Route 1 5003 2557
==================================20000=====================================
ActiveConn连接数上不去了，保持在7500左右，ab压力机报错：apr_socket_connect(): 由于系统缓冲区空间不足或队列已满,不能执行套接字上的操作。(730055)
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.29.100:http rr
-> 192.168.29.45:http Local 1 7624 2188
-> 192.168.29.46:http Route 1 7571 2186
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