Python——新浪微博爬虫之模拟登陆
在编写微博爬虫的过程中，免不了要进行模拟登录，因为新浪微博不登陆只能访问少量的微博信息。然而，由于新浪微博的反爬虫功能在不断更新，例如改变了密码的加密算法（RSA），以前的一些模拟登陆方式已经不适用了。所以一开始试了好几种方法，均不能成功。后来受http://www.iyunv.net/article/46053.htm启发，已经实现了。
目前，亲测能用的步骤是：①通过预登录，使用GET方法，获得登录所需的servertime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv；②使用encode64加密用户名，使用RSA算法加密密码；③登录。
步骤一：
response格式为（换行是我自己加上去的）：
sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack({"retcode":0,
"servertime":1430743809,
"pcid":"gz-9e4ab7356f6545655af2a97e1cad7aa86446",
"nonce":"VA2IUS",
"pubkey":"EB2A38568661887FA180BDDB5CABD5F21C7BFD59C090CB2D245A87AC253062882729293E5506350508E7F9AA3BB77F4333231490F915F6D63C55FE2F08A49B353F444AD3993CACC02DB784ABBB8E42A9B1BBFFFB38BE18D78E87A0E41B9B8F73A928EE0CCEE1F6739884B9777E4FE9E88A1BBE495927AC4A799B3181D6442443",
"rsakv":"1330428213",
"exectime":3})
python代码为：
prelogin_url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=sso&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su=%s&rsakt=mod&client=ssologin.js(v1.4.4)' % username
response = urllib2.urlopen(prelogin_url)
p = re.compile(r'\((.*?)\)') #用来解析括号中的json格式内容
strurl = p.search(response.read()).group(1)
dic = dict(eval(strurl)) #json格式的response
pubkey = str(dic.get('pubkey'))
servertime = str(dic.get('servertime'))
nonce = str(dic.get('nonce'))
rsakv = str(dic.get('rsakv'))
步骤二：
加密用户名：
username_ = urllib.quote(username)
username = base64.encodestring(username_)[:-1]
加密密码：
rsaPublickey = int(pubkey, 16)
key = rsa.PublicKey(rsaPublickey, 65537) #创建公钥
message = servertime + '\t' + nonce + '\n' + password #拼接明文js加密文件中得到
passwd = rsa.encrypt(message, key) #加密
passwd = binascii.b2a_hex(passwd) #将加密信息转换为16进制。
完整代码：
1 #! /usr/bin/env python
2 #coding=utf8
3
4 import urllib
5 import urllib2
6 import cookielib
7 import base64
8 import re
9 import json
10 import hashlib
11 import rsa
12 import binascii
13
14 cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
15 cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
16 opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)
17 urllib2.install_opener(opener)
18 postdata = {
19 'entry': 'weibo',
20 'gateway': '1',
21 'from': '',
22 'savestate': '7',
23 'userticket': '1',
24 'ssosimplelogin': '1',
25 'vsnf': '1',
26 'vsnval': '',
27 'su': '',
28 'service': 'miniblog',
29 'servertime': '',
30 'nonce': '',
31 'pwencode': 'rsa2', #加密算法
32 'sp': '',
33 'encoding': 'UTF-8',
34 'prelt': '401',
35 'rsakv': '',
36 'url': 'http://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack',
37 'returntype': 'META'
38 }
39
40 class WeiboLogin:
41 def __init__(self, username, password):
42 self.username = username
43 self.password = password
44
45 def __get_spwd(self):
46 rsaPublickey = int(self.pubkey, 16)
47 key = rsa.PublicKey(rsaPublickey, 65537) #创建公钥
48 message = self.servertime + '\t' + self.nonce + '\n' + self.password #拼接明文js加密文件中得到
49 passwd = rsa.encrypt(message, key) #加密
50 passwd = binascii.b2a_hex(passwd) #将加密信息转换为16进制。
51 return passwd
52
53 def __get_suser(self):
54 username_ = urllib.quote(self.username)
55 username = base64.encodestring(username_)[:-1]
56 return username
57
58 def __prelogin(self):
59 prelogin_url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=sso&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su=%s&rsakt=mod&client=ssologin.js(v1.4.4)' % self.username
60 response = urllib2.urlopen(prelogin_url)
61 p = re.compile(r'\((.*?)\)')
62 strurl = p.search(response.read()).group(1)
63 dic = dict(eval(strurl)) #json格式的response
64 self.pubkey = str(dic.get('pubkey'))
65 self.servertime = str(dic.get('servertime'))
66 self.nonce = str(dic.get('nonce'))
67 self.rsakv = str(dic.get('rsakv'))
68
69 def login(self):
70 url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.18)'
71 try:
72 self.__prelogin() #预登录
73 except:
74 print 'Prelogin Error'
75 return
76 global postdata
77 postdata['servertime'] = self.servertime
78 postdata['nonce'] = self.nonce
79 postdata['su'] = self.__get_suser()
80 postdata['sp'] = self.__get_spwd()
81 postdata['rsakv'] = self.rsakv
82 postdata = urllib.urlencode(postdata)
83 headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.10; rv:37.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/37.0'}
84 req= urllib2.Request(
85 url = url,
86 data = postdata,
87 headers = headers
88 )
89 result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
90 text = result.read()
91 p = re.compile('location\.replace\(\'(.*?)\'\)')
92 try:
93 login_url = p.search(text).group(1)
94 urllib2.urlopen(login_url)
95 print "Login Succeed!"
96 except:
97 print 'Login Error!'
98
99 if __name__ == '__main__':
100 uid = 'your username'
101 psw = 'your password'
102 simLogin = WeiboLogin(uid, psw)
103 simLogin.login()
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