论坛 › Mongodb › MongoDB备份和恢复

olik 发表于 2015-12-14 08:38:57

MongoDB备份和恢复

一、MongoDB备份
1、准备工作

1）创建库、集合


> use mydb                                                             //创建库

switched to db mydb
> db.createCollection('test1')                                 //创建集合test1

{ "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs                                                             //查看所有库

local0.078GBmydb   0.078GB
> show tables                                                          //查看当前库中的集合

system.indexestest1
> db.test1.insert({id:1,name:"tpp",age:20})                //向test1集合中插入数据

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.test1.insert({id:2,name:"linux",age:15})


WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.test1.find()                                                      //查看test1集合中的数据

{ "_id" : ObjectId("566de4441b2778d299e8f3a5"), "id" : 1, "name" : "tpp", "age" : 20 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("566de45a1b2778d299e8f3a6"), "id" : 2, "name" : "linux", "age" : 15 }
同理我们再创建一个mydb2库，这里省略这个过程。



2、备份指定库
语法：mongodump -h ip -d dbname -o dir

参数说明-h：后跟服务器ip-u：后跟数据库用户-p：后跟用户密码-d：后跟 database 名字，不加则备份所有库-o：后指备份到哪里，它是个目录
示例
# mongodump -d mydb -o /tmp/mongodbbackup

2015-12-14T05:42:06.867+0800    writing mydb.test1 to /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T05:42:06.867+0800    writing mydb.system.indexes to /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/system.indexes.bson2015-12-14T05:42:06.869+0800    writing mydb.test1 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T05:42:06.871+0800    done dumping mydb.test1 (2 documents)
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup/

mydb
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/

system.indexes.bsontest1.bsontest1.metadata.json
注意：test1.bson是二进制文件，是数据库文件；test1.metadata.json是集合文件


2、备份所有库

语法：mongodump -h ip -o dir
示例

# mongodump -o /tmp/mongodbbackup_2

2015-12-14T05:57:48.456+0800    writing mydb.system.indexes to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/system.indexes.bson2015-12-14T05:57:48.456+0800    writing mydb.test1 to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T05:57:48.457+0800    writing mydb2.system.indexes to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/system.indexes.bson2015-12-14T05:57:48.465+0800    writing mydb2.test2 to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.bson2015-12-14T05:57:48.467+0800    writing mydb.test1 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T05:57:48.469+0800    done dumping mydb.test1 (2 documents)2015-12-14T05:57:48.473+0800    writing mydb2.test2 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.metadata.json2015-12-14T05:57:48.475+0800    done dumping mydb2.test2 (0 documents)
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/

mydbmydb2
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/

system.indexes.bsontest2.bsontest2.metadata.json

3、备份指定集合

语法：mongodump -h ip -d dbname -c collectionname -o dir
示例

# mongodump -d mydb -c test1 -o /tmp/mongodbbackup_3

2015-12-14T06:08:25.404+0800    writing mydb.test1 to /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T06:08:25.405+0800    writing mydb.test1 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T06:08:25.408+0800    done dumping mydb.test1 (2 documents)
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/

mydb
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/

test1.bsontest1.metadata.json
# cat /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/test1.metadata.json

{"options":{},"indexes":[{"v":1,"key":{"_id":1},"name":"_id_","ns":"mydb.test1"}]}

4、导出集合为json文件
# mongoexport -d mydb -c test1 -o /tmp/mongodbbackup_4/test1.json

2015-12-14T06:14:53.735+0800    connected to: localhost2015-12-14T06:14:53.736+0800    exported 2 records
# cat /tmp/mongodbbackup_4/test1.json

{"_id":{"$oid":"566de4441b2778d299e8f3a5"},"id":1.0,"name":"tpp","age":20.0}{"_id":{"$oid":"566de45a1b2778d299e8f3a6"},"id":2.0,"name":"linux","age":15.0}

二、MongoDB恢复
恢复之前我们要先删除之前建立的两个库：

> show dbs

local0.078GBmydb   0.078GBmydb20.078GB
> use mydb

switched to db mydb
> db.dropDatabase()

{ "dropped" : "mydb", "ok" : 1 }
> use mydb2

switched to db mydb2
> db.dropDatabase()

{ "dropped" : "mydb2", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs

local0.078GB

1、恢复指定库
语法：mongorestore -d dbname dir/说明：-d 跟要恢复的库名字；dir 就是该库备份时所在的目录
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/

system.indexes.bsontest1.bson         test1.metadata.json
# mongorestore -d mydb /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/


2015-12-14T07:22:12.821+0800    building a list of collections to restore from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/ dir2015-12-14T07:22:12.825+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T07:22:12.826+0800    restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T07:22:13.163+0800    restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata2015-12-14T07:22:13.163+0800    finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)2015-12-14T07:22:13.163+0800    done

2、恢复所有库
语法：mongorestore --drop dir/
说明：dir 是备份所在库的目录名字；--drop 可选，意思是当恢复之前先把现在数据库的数据删除，不建议使用（不过我们可以再次备份现在数据库中的数据库，然后使用--drop参数）。

# mongorestore /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/

2015-12-14T07:25:17.126+0800    building a list of dbs and collections to restore from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/ dir2015-12-14T07:25:17.131+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T07:25:17.131+0800    restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T07:25:17.133+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.metadata.json2015-12-14T07:25:17.133+0800    restoring mydb2.test2 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.bson2015-12-14T07:25:17.133+0800    restoring indexes for collection mydb2.test2 from metadata2015-12-14T07:25:17.193+0800    error: E11000 duplicate key error index: mydb.test1.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('566de4441b2778d299e8f3a5') }2015-12-14T07:25:17.193+0800    restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata2015-12-14T07:25:17.193+0800    finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)2015-12-14T07:25:17.502+0800    finished restoring mydb2.test2 (0 documents)2015-12-14T07:25:17.502+0800    done
注意：上面有个错误，是因为刚我们已经恢复了mydb库，要想不报错，加上--drop参数即可，如下：
# mongorestore --drop /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/

2015-12-14T07:25:35.373+0800    building a list of dbs and collections to restore from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/ dir2015-12-14T07:25:35.376+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T07:25:35.377+0800    restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T07:25:35.630+0800    restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata2015-12-14T07:25:35.631+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.metadata.json2015-12-14T07:25:35.631+0800    restoring mydb2.test2 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.bson2015-12-14T07:25:35.631+0800    finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)2015-12-14T07:25:35.889+0800    restoring indexes for collection mydb2.test2 from metadata2015-12-14T07:25:35.890+0800    finished restoring mydb2.test2 (0 documents)2015-12-14T07:25:35.890+0800    done

3、恢复集合
语法：mongorestore -d dbname -c collectionname dir/dbname/collectionname.bson
说明：-c跟要恢复的集合名字；dir是备份dbname库时生成文件所在路径，这里是一个bson文件的路径

# mongorestore --drop -d mydb /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson

2015-12-14T07:30:29.023+0800    checking for collection data in /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T07:30:29.028+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json2015-12-14T07:30:29.028+0800    restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson2015-12-14T07:30:29.093+0800    restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata2015-12-14T07:30:29.093+0800    finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)2015-12-14T07:30:29.093+0800    done

4、导入集合
语法：mongoimport -d dbname -c collectionname --file /tmp/collectionname.json

# mongoimport --drop -d mydb -c test1 --file /tmp/mongodbbackup_4/test1.json

2015-12-14T07:33:52.671+0800    connected to: localhost2015-12-14T07:33:52.672+0800    dropping: mydb.test12015-12-14T07:33:52.677+0800    imported 2 documents

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