httpd2.4的新特性、以及基本应用
httpd-2.4:新特性:
(1) MPM支持运行为DSO机制;以模块形式按需加载;
(2) event MPM生产环境可用;
(3) 异步读写机制;
(4) 支持每模块及每目录的单独日志级别定义;
(5) 每请求相关的专用配置;
(6) 增强版的表达式分析式;
(7) 毫秒级持久连接时长定义;
(8) 基于FQDN的虚拟主机也不再需要NameVirutalHost指令;
(9) 新指令,AllowOverrideList;
(10) 支持用户自定义变量;
(11) 更低的内存消耗;
新模块:
(1) mod_proxy_fcgi
(2) mod_proxy_scgi
(3) mod_remoteip
CentOS 6编译安装httpd-2.4:
在CentOS 6中使用httpd-2.2依赖于apr-1.4+,apr-util-1.3.9
编译安装步骤:
(1)安装编译开发环境包组: Development tools Server Platform Development pcre-devel
(2)关闭http-2.2并关闭开机启动,防止覆盖此版本。
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# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:
# chkconfig httpd off
(3)编译安装apr-1.5.0和apr-util-1.5.3
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# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr #apr-util依赖于apr所先编译安装apr,并指定一个不同与系统默认的安装路径。
# make && make install
# ls /usr/local/apr #编译安装后生成的程序文件
binbuild-1includelib
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr #编译apr-util,因为依赖于apr包,所以需要指定apr位置。
# make -j 2 && make install
# ls /usr/local/apr-util
binincludelib
(4)编译安装httpd-2.4
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# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache24 --enable-so --enable-ssl -enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-mpm=prefork #--enable 表示启用的特性--with 表示依赖的包组,不指明路径会从默认路径查找
# make -j 4 && make install
# ll
total 56
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 bin #程序路径
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 build #编译安装时产生的相关文件
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 cgi-bin#cgi格式页面存放的位置
drwxr-xr-x4 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 conf #配置文件
drwxr-xr-x3 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 error #错误页面
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:33 htdocs #网页文件存放位置
drwxr-xr-x3 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 icons #图标
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 include#头文件,二次开发所用
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 logs #日志
drwxr-xr-x4 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 man #man手册
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 12288 Jul 162014 manual #官方文档
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Jan 13 20:40 modules#模块
(5)为httpd-2.4配置环境变量,以便系统启动之
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# export PATH=/usr/local/apache24/bin:$PATH #此种方法只对当前shell和子shell有效
# echo $PATH
/usr/local/apache24/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd2-4.sh #为httpd-2.4增加环境变量,对新登陆的用户有效。
export PATH=/usr/local/apache24/bin/:$PATH
# apachectl start #配置完环境变量之后就能使用自带的脚本启动httpd2.4
# hash
hits command
1 /usr/bin/vim
1 /usr/local/apache24/bin/httpd
2 /usr/local/apache24/bin/apachectl#由此可以看出是httpd2.4启动的而不是2.2
3 /bin/ls
3 /usr/sbin/ss
启动完成之后就能使用了
(6)但我们每次都使用自带的脚本启动该服务太过麻烦,我们可以复制一个http2.2的服务脚本到httpd2.4中。
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# cp httpd httpd24
# vim httpd24 #复制服务脚本为2.4并编辑它
#if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then #注释原来的配置文件
# . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
#fi
apachectl=/usr/local/apache24/bin/httpd #指apachectl程序为httpd2.4
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/sbin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache24/logs/httpd.pid}#此处也制定为2.4的pid路径
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24} #更改为2.4
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
# service httpd24 start #测试结果可以使用了
Starting httpd:
# service httpd24 status
httpd (pid35131) is running...
# service httpd24 stop
Stopping httpd:
# service httpd24 start
Starting httpd:
CentOS 7:
yum install httpd
配置文件:
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf
配置应用:
(1)切换使用的MPM
编辑配置文件/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
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# vim /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
# Select the MPM module which should be used by uncommenting exactly
# one of the following LoadModule lines:
# prefork MPM: Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/prefork.html
LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
# worker MPM: Multi-Processing Module implementing a hybrid
# multi-threaded multi-process web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/worker.html
#
#LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.so #需要开启该MPM就把原来的注释掉
# event MPM: A variant of the worker MPM with the goal of consuming
# threads only for connections with active processing
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/event.html
#
#LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so
(2)基于IP的访问控制:(2.4中任何网页需要进行明确授权才能被访问)
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# vim httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html">
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride None
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Require all granted #需要在此为根文档目录改为所有人访问
#Require all deny #不允许所有主机访问
#<RequireAll> #表示除了指定ip不能访问。
# Require all granted
# Require not ip 172.16.100.2
#</RequireAll>
</Directory>
控制特定的IP访问:
RequireipIPADDR:授权指定来源的IP访问;
RequirenotipIPADDR:拒绝
控制特定的主机访问:
RequirehostHOSTNAME:授权指定来源的主机访问;
RequirenothostHOSTNAME:拒绝
HOSTNAME:
FQDN:特定主机
domin.tld:指定域名下的所
(3) 虚拟主机
基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirutalHost指令;
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