openstack运维实战系列(三)之cinder磁盘挂载
1. 概述openstack的cinder项目负责volume的服务，即虚拟机的外挂存储，cinder作为管理存储的工具，可以支持LVM，glusterfs，ceph，sleepdog等开源的存储方案，同时也提供了对HP，IBM，huawei等商业存储的支持，配置完cinder之后，即可对虚拟机分配存储空间，如下给虚拟机分配cinder存储空间为例，讲述cinder的使用方法。
2. 磁盘挂载
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# nova list |grep 10.16.6.52
| 1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e | Dev_20151201_01 | ACTIVE| - | Running | vmPrivate=10.16.6.52 | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_13 |
# cinder create --display-name "storage_10.16.6.52" 20 #划分一个20G的磁盘
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
|availability_zone| nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2016-01-19T08:58:29.819663 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | storage_10.16.6.52 |
| encrypted | False |
| id | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d | #获取cinder-volume的id号码，用于和instance关联
| metadata | {} |
| size | 20 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | creating |
| volume_type | None |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
将cinder和虚拟机关联
# nova volume-attach 1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8ee5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| device | /dev/vdc | #虚拟机将会识别为vdc设备
| id | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d |
| serverId | 1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e |
| volumeId | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
查看cinder的情况
# cinder show e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| attachments | [{u'device': u'/dev/vdc', u'server_id': u'1809ae2e-7e29-4203-930b-494de426bf8e', u'id': u'e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d', u'host_name': None, u'volume_id': u'e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d'}] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2016-01-19T08:58:29.000000 |
| display_description | None |
| display_name | storage_10.16.6.52 |
| encrypted | False |
| id | e5ef5ad4-ddc4-4675-95bf-726473c4c62d |
| metadata | {u'readonly': u'False', u'attached_mode': u'rw'} |
| os-vol-host-attr:host | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_7 |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None |
|os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id| 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae |
| size | 20 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | in-use |
| volume_type | None |
+--------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3. 格式化磁盘
[*]查看系统识别的disk
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# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether fa:16:3e:d5:e1:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.16.6.52/23 brd 10.16.7.255 scope global eth0
# dmesg | tail -10
pci 0000:00:07.0: using default PCI settings
virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003)
virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: PCI INT A -> Link -> GSI 10 (level, high) -> IRQ 10
alloc irq_desc for 31 on node -1
alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: irq 31 for MSI/MSI-X
alloc irq_desc for 32 on node -1
alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: irq 32 for MSI/MSI-X
vdc: unknown partition table #磁盘识别为vdc
2. 分区与格式化
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# fdisk /dev/vdc #磁盘分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x115a4ff3.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# partprobe /dev/vdc
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc1 #格式化
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
3. 挂载使用
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# mkdir /data2
# mount /dev/vdc1 /data2/
# df -h /data2/
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vdc1 20G172M 19G 1% /data2
4. 总结
cinder作为一种外挂的存储，在openstack中用于数据存储有非常关键的作用，并且在openstack中，使用cinder非常方便，创建和关联，轻松就可以实现任意大小磁盘的分配，实现高效的管理。
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