LAMP架构之编译安装httpd+(php-fpm)+mariadb
php-fpm：CentOS 6：
PHP-5.3.2-：默认不支持fpm机制；需要自行打补丁并编译安装；
httpd-2.2：默认不支持fcgi协议，需要自行编译此模块；
解决方案：编译安装httpd-2.4, php-5.3.3+；
CentOS 6, lamp (编译安装http和php-fpm)；
实现：
(1) 三者分离于三台主机；
(2) 一个虚拟主机用于提供phpMyAdmin；另一个虚拟主机用于提供wordpress；
(3) 为php提供xcache
(4) 切换mpm为非prefork机制；
On http(172.16.17.61)：
1）配置编译环境，安装开发包组
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# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Development"
2）安装httpd依赖的apr及apr-util，apr需要先安装
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# tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
# cd apr-1.5.0
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make -j 4 && make install
============================================================
# tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
# cd apr-util-1.5.3
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
# make -j 4 && make install
3）编译安装httpd程序
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# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
# tar xf httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.4.10
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-mpm=prefork
# make -j 4 && make install
4）提供httpd服务脚本，复制CentOS6的httpd2.2服务脚本，简单修改即可
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# cp /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd24
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd24
apachectl=/usr/local/apache24/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache24/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache24/logs/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24}
5）添加httpd的PATH环境变量
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# chkconfig --add httpd24
# chkconfig httpd24 on
# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/apache24/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
6）启用httpd2.4的fcgi模块
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# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
7）添加http对php页面文件的支持，启用虚拟主机
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# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
ServerName www.example.com:80
#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache24/htdocs"
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
</IfModule>
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-source .phps
Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
8）提供虚拟主机www.pma.com及www.wordpress.com
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# vim /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@pma.com
DocumentRoot "/web/pma/htdocs"
ServerName www.pma.com
ServerAlias web.pma.com
ErrorLog "logs/pma.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/pma.com-access_log" combined
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://172.16.17.62:9000/web/pma/htdocs
<Directory "/web/pma/htdocs">
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@wordpress.com
DocumentRoot "/web/wordpress/htdocs"
ServerName www.wordpress.com
ServerAlias web.wordpress.com
ErrorLog "logs/wordpress.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/wordpress.com-access_log" combined
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://172.16.17.62:9000/web/wordpress/htdocs
<Directory "/web/wordpress/htdocs">
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
9）安装配置phpMyAdmin程序
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# mkdir -pv /web/{pma,wordpress}
# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.4.14.1-all-languages.zip -d /web/pma/
# mv /web/pma/phpMyAdmin-4.4.14.1-all-languages/ /web/pma/htdocs
# cd /web/pma/htdocs
# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
# openssl rand -base64 20
vNVkpLUPfn2a4dz/ZKnJkBmvH54=
编辑config.inc.php文件，将生成的随机数复制到里面，然后更改数据库连接主机：
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'vNVkpLUPfn2a4dz/ZKnJkBmvH54';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '172.16.17.63';
10）安装配置WordPress程序
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# unzip wordpress-4.3.1-zh_CN.zip -d /web/wordpress/
# mv /web/wordpress/wordpress/ /web/wordpress/htdocs
# cd /web/wordpress/htdocs
# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
编辑wp-config.php文件，配置数据库连接信息：
define('DB_NAME', 'wpdb');
define('DB_USER', 'wpuser');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'wppasswd');
define('DB_HOST', '172.16.17.63');
11）启动httpd服务
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# httpd -t
Syntax OK
# service httpd24 start
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
# ss -tnl | grep 80
LISTEN 0 128 *:48075 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
On php(172.16.17.62)：1）配置编译环境，安装开发包组
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# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Development"
# yum install -y libxml2-devel libmcrypt-devel openssl-devel bzip2-devel
2）编译安装php程序，默认启用php-fpm
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# tar xf php-5.6.4.tar.xz -C /usr/local/src
# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --sysconfdir=/etc/php \
> --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-maintainer-zts \
> --with-openssl --with-freetype-dir --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-zlib --with-bz2 \
> --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
> --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --user=apache
# make -j 4 && make install
3）为php提供配置文件
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# cp php.ini-production /etc/php/php.ini
4）配置php-fpm
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# mkdir /etc/php.d
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig php-fpm on
5）为php-fpm提供配置文件并编辑之
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# cp /etc/php/php-fpm.conf.default /etc/php/php-fpm.conf
# vim /etc/php/php-fpm.conf
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
listen = 172.16.17.62:9000
listen.allowed_clients = 172.16.17.61
pm.max_children = 60
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
6）复制web服务器的网页某到php服务器上一份，客户端访问时，获取静态资源会访问到web服务器，访问动态资源将访问到php服务器
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# scp -r root@172.16.17.61:/web /
7）启动php-fpm
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# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpmdone
# ss -tnl | grep --color "9000"
LISTEN 0 128 172.16.17.62:9000 *:*
# ps aux | grep --color "php-fpm"
root 1080870.01.0718805128 ? Ss 00:07 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/php-fpm.conf)
apache 1080880.00.9718804436 ? S 00:07 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 1080890.00.9718804440 ? S 00:07 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 1080900.00.9718804440 ? S 00:07 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 1080910.00.9718804440 ? S 00:07 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 1080920.00.9718804440 ? S 00:07 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 1080960.00.1 103304 892 pts/0 S+ 00:08 0:00 grep --color php-fpm
On mariadb(172.16.17.73)：
1）创建运行mariadb的用户
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# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
2）创建数据库存放目录
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# mkdir -pv /data/mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
3）解压mariadb程序包至/usr/local，并创建mysql软链接
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# tar xf mariadb-5.5.46-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -sv mariadb-5.5.46-linux-x86_64/ mysql
4）初始化数据库
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# chown -R root.mysql mysql/
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
5）提供mysql主配置文件并编辑之
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# mkdir /etc/mysql
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
在my.cnf配置文件中的端添加以下内容：
datadir = /data/mysql //设置mysql的数据存储目录
innodb_file_per_table = ON //设置innodb存储引擎独立存储数据库
skip_name_resolve = ON //禁止mysql进行反解主机名
6）提供mysql服务脚本
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# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig mysqld on
7）设置mysql命令的环境变量
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# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
8）导出mysql头文件
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# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql/ /usr/include/
9）导出mysql库文件路径
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# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
# ldconfig
10）导出mysql的man帮助手册
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# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man //添加此行
11）启动mysqld服务
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# service mysqld start
8）创建wpdb库，授权wpuser用户连接
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# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> USE mysql;
MariaDB > DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User='';
MariaDB > DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE Host='node3';
MariaDB > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123qwe!@#';
MariaDB > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '123qwe!@#';
MariaDB > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'::1' IDENTIFIED BY '123qwe!@#';
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE SCHEMA wpdb;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wpdb.* TO 'wpuser'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'wppasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123qwe!@#';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB > SELECT Host,User,Password FROM user;
+------------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | Password |
+------------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost| root | *A47CB5FB12B47CBF12AB43B7EC865013906E10BD |
| 127.0.0.1| root | *A47CB5FB12B47CBF12AB43B7EC865013906E10BD |
| ::1 | root | *A47CB5FB12B47CBF12AB43B7EC865013906E10BD |
| 172.16.%.% | wpuser | *7CD61EFBFDDDBD978EA9017F2A26A59DE4589025 |
| 172.16.%.% | root | *A47CB5FB12B47CBF12AB43B7EC865013906E10BD |
+------------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
重启httpd24服务，添加本地hosts文件解析，打开浏览器添访问网站(配置好php-fpm后需要重启一下httpd服务)：
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# service httpd24 restart
Stopping httpd:
Starting httpd:
客户端使用ab命令对服务器进行压力测试：
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# ab -c 100 -n 1000 http://www.pma.com/index.php
ON php(172.16.17.72)：为php服务器编译安装xcache1）解压xcache源码包至/usr/local下
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# tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/
# mv /usr/local/xcache-3.2.0/ /usr/local/xcache
2)生成configure脚本
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# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
3)执行编译安装
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# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
4)复制xcache的ini文件至/etc/php.d目录下
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# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/
5）建立php测试页面
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# vim /web/pma/htdocs/test.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
6)重启php-fpm服务
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# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpmdone
再次在客户端使用ab命令对服务器进行压力测试：
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# ab -c 100 -n 1000 http://www.pma.com/index.php
On http(172.16.17.61)：切换mpm为event机制：
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# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so //注释prefork模块，配置event模块
# service httpd24 restart
# httpd -M | grep mpm
mpm_event_module (shared)
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