Apache+Passenger代替puppet自带低性能web服务WEBRick
描述：puppet使用SSL(https)协议来进行通讯，默认情况下，puppet server端使用基于Ruby的WEBRick HTTP服务器。由于WEBRick HTTP服务器在处理agent端的性能方面并不是很强劲，因此需要扩展puppet，搭建Apache或者其他强劲的web服务器来处理客户的https请求。需要解决的问题：
扩展传输方式：提高性能并增加Master和agent之间的并发连接数量。
扩展SSL：采用良好的SSL证书管理方法来加密Master和agent之间的通讯。
参考：http://projects.puppetlabs.com/projects/1/wiki/Using_Passenger
1 使用Ruby Gem安装Passenger
# yum install ruby-devel ruby-libs rubygems libcurl-devel
# yum install httpd httpd-devel apr-util-devel apr-devel mod_ssl
# gem install --local passenger-4.0.19.gem #自动解决依赖关系，进入gem包目录进行安装
Building native extensions.This could take a while...
Successfully installed rake-10.0.1
Successfully installed daemon_controller-1.1.5
Successfully installed rack-1.5.2
Successfully installed passenger-4.0.19
2 整合Apache和Passenger
# yum install gcc-c++gcc openssl-devel #源码包编译安装（安装需要apache gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel开发包的支持）
# passenger-install-apache2-module #按照相关提示解决依赖关系，安装完成之后会显示
…
The Apache 2 module was successfully installed.
Please edit your Apache configuration file, and add these lines:
LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-4.0.19/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-4.0.19
PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/bin/ruby
After you restart Apache, you are ready to deploy any number of Ruby on Rails
applications on Apache, without any further Ruby on Rails-specific
configuration!
…
3 配置Apache和Passenger
创建虚拟主机并加载passenger相关模块，注意证书路径要和puppet实际证书路径对应。虚拟主机配置Apache以监听在8140端口，并且使用SSL和Puppet Master生成的证书对所有通讯进行加密。同时还将配置Passenger来使系统的Ruby解释器并且提供Rack配置文件config.ru的路径
# vim passenger.conf
LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-4.0.19/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
<IfModule mod_passenger.c>
PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-4.0.19
PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby
PassengerHighPerformance on
PassengerMaxPoolSize 12
PassengerPoolIdleTime 1500
PassengerStatThrottleRate 120
# RailsAutoDetect On
</IfModule>
Listen 8140#监听TCP 8140端口，这是PuppetMaster服务器的标准端口
<VirtualHost *:8140>
SSLEngine on#开始ssl加密
SSLProtocol -ALL +SSLv3 +TLSv1
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2:-EXP #开启ssl加密
SSLCertificateFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/puppetserver.kisspuppet.com.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/puppetserver.kisspuppet.com.pem
SSLCertificateChainFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem
SSLCACertificateFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem
SSLCARevocationFile /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crt.pem #打开证书撤销功能，当我们颁发或撤销Puppet agent的证书时，Puppet cert命令会自动更关心ca_crl.pem文件
SSLVerifyClient optional
SSLVerifyDepth1
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars #配置Apache来验证Puppet agent证书的真实性。验证的结果会被保存在这个环境变量中，运行在Passenger中的Puppet master进程会使用这个变量来认证Puppet agent。
#Puppet agent证书验证的结果会以客户端请求头的形式存放在标准环境中。
RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-For
RequestHeader set X-SSL-Subject %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}e
RequestHeader set X-Client-DN %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}e
RequestHeader set X-Client-Verify %{SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY}e
DocumentRoot /etc/puppet/rack/puppetmaster/public/
RackBaseURI /
#Rack为Web服务器提供了用来和Puppet这样的Ruby HTTP服务交换请求和响应的一些常用API。Rack经常被用于在多台Web服务器上部署如Puppet Dashboad这样的web程序。
<Directory /etc/puppet/rack/puppetmaster/>#虚拟主机部分
Options None
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@c1.inanu.net]# service httpd configtest#检查apache配置语法是否正确
Warning: DocumentRoot does not exist
Syntax OK
备注：有关puppet虚拟主机配置可参考默认配置
/usr/share/puppet/ext/rack/files/apache2.conf
4 准备config.ru配置文件
# mkdir -p /etc/puppet/rack/puppetmaster/{public,tmp} #为Rack和Puppet master的rack程序实例创建框架目录。
# cp /usr/share/puppet/ext/rack/files/config.ru /etc/puppet/rack/puppetmaster/
# vim /etc/puppet/rack/puppetmaster/config.ru#默认即可
# a config.ru, for use with every rack-compatible webserver.
# SSL needs to be handled outside this, though.
# if puppet is not in your RUBYLIB:
# $:.unshift('/opt/puppet/lib')
$0 = "master"
# if you want debugging:
# ARGV << "--debug"
ARGV << "--rack"
require 'puppet/application/master'
# we're usually running inside a Rack::Builder.new {} block,
# therefore we need to call run *here*.
run Puppet::Application[:master].run
备注： 如果需要最新的Rack配置文件，可以在Puppet最新发行版的ext目录找到。也可以在https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet/tree/master/ext/rack/files找到。
# chown puppet. /etc/puppet/rack/puppetmaster/config.ru #Rack配置文件config.ru的用户和组应该是puppet。当Apache启动时，Passenger会检查这个文件的所有者，并将其使用的账号从root切换到权限较低的puppet账户。
5 在Apache中测试PuppetMaster
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/puppetmaster stop #停止puppetmaster进程
# chkconfig puppetmaster off #防止开机自动启动
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start #启动apache服务
# chkconfig httpd off#设置开机自动启动
# netstat -nlp | grep 8140#监听8140端口
tcp 0 0 :::8140 :::* LISTEN 4162/httpd
测试一：通过浏览器（IE版本<9）访问https://172.16.200.100:8140/，出现以下信息，说明配置正确
apache+passenger替代WEBrick
apache+passenger替代WEBrick
测试二：在节点上运行puppet程序，在服务器端通过apache访问日志查看是否有puppet的请求，如果返回状态吗“200”表明这次请求时成功的。
# tailf/var/log/httpd/access_log
172.16.200.101 - - "GET /production/file_metadata/modules/mysql/etc/my.cnf? HTTP/1.1" 200 298 "-" "-"
172.16.200.101 - - "GET /production/file_metadata/modules/motd/etc/motd? HTTP/1.1" 200 295 "-" "-"
172.16.200.101 - - "PUT /production/report/agent1.kisspuppet.com HTTP/1.1" 200 14 "-" "-"
172.16.200.101 - - "POST /production/catalog/agent1.kisspuppet.com HTTP/1.1" 200 8346 "-" "-"
172.16.200.101 - - "GET /production/file_metadata/modules/ssh/etc/ssh/sshd_config? HT
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