pip安装及使用详解
pip都是用来下载安装Python一个公共资源库PyPI的相关资源包的(简单来说， pip 是一个安装和管理 Python 包的工具)，常用的文档eg：https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/#installing-with-get-pip-py（一）pip的下载和安装：
（1）安装pip之前先安装setuptools-0.6c11工具
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#wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
#tar zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
#cd setuptools-0.6c11
#python setup.py build
#python setup.py install
（2）下载安装pip
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#wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate
#tar zxvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
#cd pip-1.5.4
# python setup.py install
(二）pip使用详解：
（1）使用pip安装包
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# pip install simplejson
Downloading/unpacking simplejson
Downloading simplejson-3.8.2.tar.gz (76kB): 76kB downloaded
Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/simplejson/setup.py) egg_info for package simplejson
Installing collected packages: simplejson
Running setup.py install for simplejson
building 'simplejson._speedups' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c simplejson/_speedups.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/simplejson/_speedups.o
simplejson/_speedups.c:2:20: error: Python.h: No such file or directory
simplejson/_speedups.c:3:26: error: structmember.h: No such file or directory
simplejson/_speedups.c: In function ‘init_speedups’:
simplejson/_speedups.c:3391: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘moduleinit’
***************************************************************************
WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.
Failure information, if any, is above.
I'm retrying the build without the C extension now.
***************************************************************************
***************************************************************************
WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.
Plain-Python installation succeeded.
***************************************************************************
Successfully installed simplejson
Cleaning up...
（2)安装特定的版本及升级：安装特定版本的package，通过使用==, >=, <=, >, <来指定一个版本号。
pip install 'Markdown<2.0' 或 pip install 'Markdown>2.0,<2.0.3'
升级包到当前最新的版本，可以使用-U 或者 --upgrade：pip install -U Markdown
卸载包：pip uninstall Markdown
查询包：pip search "multiprocessing"
列出安装的packages:pip freeze
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# pip install -U Markdown ######升级包markdown
Requirement already up-to-date: Markdown in /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
Cleaning up...
# pipuninstall markdown
-bash: pipuninstall: command not found
# pip uninstall markdown ######卸载包
Uninstalling Markdown:
/usr/bin/markdown_py
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/Markdown-2.6.5-py2.6.egg-info
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/markdown/__init__.py
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled Markdown
# pip install markdown ######安装包
Downloading/unpacking markdown
Downloading Markdown-2.6.5.tar.gz (301kB): 301kB downloaded
Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/markdown/setup.py) egg_info for package markdown
Installing collected packages: markdown
Running setup.py install for markdown
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/markdown_py from 644 to 755
skipping build_docs: Markdown "import" failed!
changing mode of /usr/bin/markdown_py to 755
Successfully installed markdown
Cleaning up...
# pip search "markdown" ######查询包
notedown - Convert markdown to IPython notebook.
cmddocs - An interactive commandline interface for your personal docs using python,
Cmd, git and markdown
understate - markdown presentations using ncurses
markdown-attr-plus - Markdown Extension to extend attr_list extension to add extra syntax.
mdx_twitchmoticons - Python-Markdown extension to support Twitch.tv-style emoticons.
markdown2Mathjax - Extend markdown2 for use with mathjax
pelican - A tool to generate a static blog from reStructuredText or Markdown input
files.
markdownify - Convert HTML to markdown.
# pip freeze #######列出已安装的包
Markdown==2.6.5
argparse==1.2.1
elasticsearch==2.3.0
ethtool==0.6
firstboot==1.110
glusterfs-api==3.6.0.54
iniparse==0.3.1
pycurl==7.19.0
pygpgme==0.1
python-meh==0.11
pyxdg==0.18
scdate==1.9.60
simplejson==3.8.2
slip==0.2.20
urlgrabber==3.9.1
urllib3==1.14
virtinst==0.600.0
yum-metadata-parser==1.1.2
备注：常用的命令如下：
1，pip show --files somepackage------查看已安装的包
2，pip list --outdated -------检查那些包需要更新
3，pip install --upgrage somepackage--------升级somepackage包
4，pip uninstall somepackage -------pip卸载包
5，pip --help------查看帮助信息
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