Haproxy、Keepalived双主高可用负载均衡
一、Haproxy和Keepalived简介1、HaproxyHAProxy提供高可用性、负载均衡以及基于TCP和HTTP应用的代理，支持虚拟主机。它是免费、快速并且可靠的一种解决方案。特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点，这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在当前的硬件上，完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中， 同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。2、Keepalivedkeepalived是一个类似于layer3, 4 & 7交换机制的软件，也就是我们平时说的第3层、第4层和第7层交换,检测web服务器的状态，如果有一台web服务器死机，或工作出现故障，Keepalived将检测到，并将有故障的web服务器从系统中剔除，当web服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将web服务器加入到服务器群中，这些工作全部自动完成，不需要人工干涉，需要人工做的只是修复故障的web服务器。二、实验架构图三、实验环境OS：centos6.5x86_64apache:httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64haproxy:haproxy-1.4.24-2.el6.x86_64keepalived：keepalived-1.2.7-3.el6.x86_64四、实验目的1、Haproxy+Keepalived双主双机高可用模型，keepalived为Haproxy主从提供高可用保证haproxy-master若挂掉haproxy-backup能无缝接管，haproxy为后端Web提供负载均衡，缓解并发压力，实现WEB站点负载均衡+高可用性；2、Haproxy反代web做动静分离；五、实验配置1、前端配置(1)Haproxy1配置首先配置Keepalived# yum install keepalived -y# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email { //指定Keepalived在发送生事件时，需要发送email到的对象 rootr@localhost hyd@localhost } notification_email_from warning@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #指定发送email的smtp服务器 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL_hyd#运行Keepalived的机器的一个标识}vrrp_script chk_haproxy { #检测Haprox服务状态 script "killall -0 haproxy"#服务探测，返回0说明服务是正常的 interval 1 weight 2#Haproxy上线，权重加2；下线，权重减2}vrrp_instance VI_1 { #双主实例1 state MASTER #haproxy1（172.16.6.1）为主，haproxy 2（172.16.6.2）为备 interface eth0 virtual_router_id 60 #实例1的VRID为60 garp_master_delay 1 #在切换到master状态后，延迟进行gratuitous ARP请求 priority 100 #主（172.16.6.1）的优先级为100，从的（172.16.6.2）优先级为99 advert_int 1 #查询间隔 authentication { auth_type PASS# 认证方式，支持PASS和AH auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress {#漂移地址 实例1的vip 172.16.6.100/16 dev eth0 } track_interface {#设置额外的监控，里面任意一个出现问题，都会进入fault状态 eth0 } track_script { chk_haproxy #追踪脚本 }#通知脚本 notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master" notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup" notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"}vrrp_instance VI_2 { state BACKUP #实例2在haproxy1（172.16.6.1）上是备，在haproxy（172.16.6.2）上是主 interface eth0 virtual_router_id 120 garp_master_delay 1 priority 200z#实例2在hapeoxy1上的优先级是200，在haproxy 2上的优先级是201 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.6.200/16 dev eth0 } track_interface { eth0 } track_script { chk_haproxy }为Keepalived提供脚本# vim /etc/keepalived/notify.sh#!/bin/bash# Author: MageEdu <linuxedu@foxmail.com> 脚本使用请注明出处# description: An example of notify script#vip=172.16.6.100contact='root@localhost'notify() {mailsubject="`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"mailbody="`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"echo$mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject"$contact}case"$1"inmaster)notify master/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxystartexit0;;backup)notify backup/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxystopexit0;;fault)notify fault/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxystopexit0;;*)echo'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'exit1;;esac 赋予执行权限 chmod +x /etc/keepalived/notify.sh接着配置Haproxy
# yum -y install haproxy# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfgglobal log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy#chroot运行的路径，增加安全性 pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000#默认最大连接数 user haproxy group haproxy daemon #守护进程运行# turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats#---------------------------------------------------------------------# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will# use if not designated in their block#---------------------------------------------------------------------defaults mode http#指定haproxy的工作模式为http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close#当客户端超时时，允许服务器关闭连接 option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 #传递客户端ip option redispatch#在使用了基于cookie的会话保持的时候，通常需要加这么一项，一旦后端某一server宕机时，能够将其会话重新派发到其它的upstream servers retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000frontendproxy *:80 #前端代理 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js acl dynamic_contentpath_end -i .php use_backend static if url_static default_backend dynamic#---------------------------------------------------------------------# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such#---------------------------------------------------------------------backend static #后端静态服务器 balance roundrobin server web1 172.16.6.10:80 inter 3000 rise 2 fall 3 check maxconn 5000#---------------------------------------------------------------------# round robin balancing between the various backends#---------------------------------------------------------------------backend dynamic#后端动态服务器 balance roundrobin server web2 172.16.6.20:80 inter 3000 rise 2 fall 3 check maxconn 5000listen statistics #启用stats查看，认证等功能：默认在/haproxy?stats mode http bind *:8080 #监听的地址和端口 stats enable #开启stats功能 stats auth admin:admin 登陆用户名和密码 stats uri /admin?stats #指定uri访问路径 stats hide-version #隐藏软件版本号 stats admin if TRUE#如果认证通过了就允许管理 stats refresh 5s #页面自动刷新间隔 acl allow src 172.16.0.0/16 #定义访问控制列表 tcp-request content accept if allow tcp-request content reject(2)Haproxy2配置与Haproxy1大致相同，不同地方会提醒大家哦！！！首先配置Keepalived
# yum install keepalived -y# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email { rootr@localhost hyd@localhost } notification_email_from warning@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL_hyd}vrrp_script chk_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" interval 1 weight 2}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 120 #使用VRID将路由器进行分组，具有相同VRID值的路由器为同一个组 garp_master_delay 1 priority 201# advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.6.200/16 dev eth0 } track_interface { eth0 } track_script { chk_haproxy } notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master" notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup" notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"}vrrp_instance VI_2 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 60 garp_master_delay 1 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.6.100/16 dev eth0 } track_interface { eth0 } track_script { chk_haproxy }脚本同Haproxy1的相同，只需把脚本里的vip改为172.16.6.200。接着配置Haproxy因为Haproxy1的Haproxy与Haproxy2的Haproxy是相同的，都是将服务代理至后端服务器，可以直接使用Haproxy1的Haproxy的配置。# scp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg root@172.16.6.2:/etc/haproxy/(3)启动Keepalived，Haproxy并测试，测试Keepalived高可用 Haproxy1 Haproxy2 启动Keepalived，Haproxy
# service keepalived start# service haproxy start对于Haproxy1，效果如下
对于Haproxy2，效果如下关闭Haproxy1的Haproxy服务测试,vip飘移查看Haproxy2，接收到了Haproxy1飘过来的vip2、后端配置
(1)配置web1, 配置静态页面# cd /var/www/html# vim index.html<h1> static web station 172.16.6.10 </h1># service httpd start(2)配置web2, 配置页动态页面# yum install php -y# cd /var/www/html#vim index.php<h1> static web station 172.16.6.20<?php phpinfo();?></h1>（3）Haproxy动静分离机制请求静态内容
首先在web1（172.16.6.10）的网页目录下放入hyd.jpg
请求静态内容:访问172.16.6.200/hyd.jpg请求动态内容:访问172.16.6.200Haproxy统计页面的输出
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