Lvs+Keepalived+MySQL Cluster架设高可用负载均衡Mysql集群
-------------------------------------一、前言
二、MySQL Cluster基本概念
三、环境
四、配置
1.LB-Master及LB-Backup配置2.MGM配置3.SQL节点（SQL1和SQL2）配置4.数据节点（NDB1和NDB2）配置五、查看状态六、测试-------------------------------------
一、前言
MySQL Cluster 是MySQL适合于分布式计算环境的高实用、高冗余版本。它采用了NDB Cluster存储引擎，允许在1个Cluster中运行多个MySQL服务器。在MyQL5.0 及以上的二进制版本中、以及与最新的Linux版本兼容的RPM中提供了该存储引擎。MySQL Cluster 是一种技术，该技术允许在无共享的系统中部署“内存中”数据库的 Cluster。通过无共享体系结构，系统能够使用廉价的硬件，而且对软硬件无特殊要求。此外，由于每个组件有自己的内存和磁盘，不存在单点故障。MySQL Cluster由一组计算机构成，每台计算机上均运行着多种进程，包括MySQL服务器，NDB Cluster的数据节点，管理服务器，以及（可能）专门的数据访问程序。
二、MySQL Cluster基本概念
NDB是一种“内存中”的存储引擎，它具有可用性高和数据一致性好的特点。MySQLCluster能够使用多种故障切换和负载平衡选项配置NDB存储引擎，但在Cluster 级别上的存储引擎上做这个最简单。MySQL Cluster的NDB存储引擎包含完整的数据集，仅取决于Cluster本身内的其他数据。
目前，MySQL Cluster的Cluster部分可独立于MySQL服务器进行配置。在MySQL Cluster中，Cluster
的每个部分被视为1个节点。
管理(MGM)节点：这类节点的作用是管理MySQLCluster内的其他节点，如提供配置数据、启动并停止节点、运行备份等。由于这类节点负责管理其他节点的配置，应在启动其他节点之前首先启动这类节点。MGM节点是用命令“ndb_mgmd”启动的。
数据(NDB)节点：这类节点用于保存Cluster的数据。数据节点的数目与副本的数目相关，是片段的倍数。例如，对于两个副本，每个副本有两个片段，那么就有4个数据节点。不过没有必要设置多个副本。数据节点是用命令“ndbd”启动的。
客户(SQL)节点：这是用来访问Cluster数据的节点。对于MySQL Cluster，客户端节点是使用NDB Cluster 存储引擎的传统MySQL服务器。通常，SQL节点是使用命令“mysqld -ndbcluster”启动的，或将“ndbcluster”添加到“my.cnf”后使用“mysqld”启动。
注释：在很多情况下，术语“节点”用于指计算机，但在讨论MySQL Cluster时，它表示的是进程。在单台计算机上可以有任意数目的节点，为此，我们采用术语“Cluster主机”。
管理服务器(MGM节点)负责管理Cluster配置文件和Cluster日志。Cluster中的每个节点从管理服务器检索配置数据，并请求确定管理服务器所在位置的方式。当数据节点内出现新的事件时，节点将关于这类事件的信息传输到管理服务器，然后将这类信息写入Cluster日志。
三、环境
系统：CentOS6.4 32位 9台
软件包（可以去mysql官网下载http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/）：
MGM：
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-management-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-tools-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
SQL节点：
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-client-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-server-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
NDB节点：
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-storage-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
拓扑图：
IP规划：
四、配置（请先卸载掉与mysql有关的所有RPM包）
1.LB-Master及LB-Backup配置
(1)LB-Master及LB-Backup安装keepalived和ipvsadm
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# yum groupinstall "Additional Development" //安装开发工具
# yum groupinstall "Development tools"
# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
# cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.1
# ./cnfigure
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version : 1.2.1
Compiler : gcc
Compiler flags : -g -O2
Extra Lib : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework : No //配置出现错误
IPVS sync daemon support : No
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use Debug flags : No
解决方法：
# yum install kernel-devel ipvsadm
# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-358.el6.i686/ /usr/src/linux
# ./cnfigure //再次配置环境
# make //编译
# make install //安装
# cd /usr/local/etc //keepalived默认安装路径
# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 24 00:37 keepalived
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 24 00:29 rc.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 24 00:29 sysconfig
配置以系统方式service启动
# cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/
# mkdir /etc/keepalived
# cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
(2)LB-Master及LB-Backup的keepalived主配置文档
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# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#guration File for keepalived
#global define
global_defs {
router_id HaMySQL_1
}
vrrp_sync_group VGM {
group {
VI_MYSQL
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_MYSQL {
state MASTER //LB-Backup设置为BACKUP
interface eth0
lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
virtual_router_id 55
priority 100 //LB-Backup设置为90
advert_int 5
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.200/24 dev eth0
}
}
##########LVSMySQL Start ###########
virtual_server 192.168.2.200 3306 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 6
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.2.50 3306 {
weight 100
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
real_server 192.168.2.60 3306 {
weight 100
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
##########LVS MySQL END #############
2.MGM配置
(1)安装管理节点
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# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-management-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-tools-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# mkdir /etc/mysql-cluster
(2)配置管理节点
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# vim /etc/mysql-cluster/config.ini //添加以下内容
NoOfReplicas=2
DataMemory=80M
IndexMemory=18M
# TCP/IP options:
portnumber=2202
# Management process options:
id=1
hostname=192.168.2.10
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
# Options for data node
id=2
hostname=192.168.2.30
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
id=3
hostname=192.168.2.40
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
id=4
hostname=192.168.2.50
id=5
hostname=192.168.2.60
（3）启动管理节点
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# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
# ndb_mgmd -f /etc/mysql-cluster/config.ini
MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31
# netstat -tupln
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1186 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17629/ndb_mgmd
3.数据节点（NDB1和NDB2）配置
(1)安装数据节点
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# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-storage-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
(2)配置数据节点
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# vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
ndb-connectstring=192.168.2.10
（3）启动数据节点
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# ndbd --initial //NDB1
2014-05-28 00:32:17 INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.2.10:1186'
2014-05-28 00:32:17 INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2
# ndbd --initial //NDB2
2014-05-28 00:33:08 INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.2.10:1186'
2014-05-28 00:33:08 INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 3
4.SQL节点（SQL1和SQL2）配置
网卡及屏蔽ARP设置
在现有网卡基础上添加一块lo:0网卡
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# vim /etc/sysctl.conf //添加以下两行
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
# sysctl -p
(1)安装SQL节点
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# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-client-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-server-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm //如出错,卸载与mysql有关的rpm包
(2)配置SQL节点
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# The MySQL server
port = 3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
ndbcluster
default-storage-engine=NDBCLUSTER
skip-name-resolve
ndb-connectstring=192.168.2.10
（3）启动SQL节点
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# service mysql start //SQL1
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
# service mysql start //SQL2，如无法启动，执行pkill -9 mysql再启动
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
# netstat -tupln |grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3475/mysqld
（4）配置远程连接(SQL1和SQL2配置一致)
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# mysql
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'nuo'@'%' identified by '123';
mysql> flush privileges;
启动顺序一定要遵循：MGM→NDB→SQL
五、查看状态
1.查看MGM状态
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# ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.2.30(mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31, Nodegroup: 0, *)
id=3 @192.168.2.40(mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31, Nodegroup: 0)
1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.2.10(mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31)
2 node(s)
id=4 @192.168.2.50(mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31)
id=5 @192.168.2.60(mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31)
2.查看LB-Master状态
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# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived:
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:22:3d:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.20/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.200/24 scope global secondary eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:3d01/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.2.200:mysql rr persistent 6
-> 192.168.2.50:mysql Route 100 0 0
-> 192.168.2.60:mysql Route 100 0 0
3.查看LB-Backup状态
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# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived:
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:27:e1:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.21/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe27:e198/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.2.200:mysql rr persistent 6
-> 192.168.2.50:mysql Route 100 0 0
-> 192.168.2.60:mysql Route 100 0 0
六、测试
[*]客户端1（CentOS6.4 32位，IP：192.168.2.80/24）
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# yum install mysql
# mysql -h 192.168.2.200 -u nuo -p
Enter password:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| ndbinfo |
| test |
+--------------------+
mysql> create database t;
mysql> use t;
mysql> create table t2(id int);
mysql> insert into t2 values(10);
mysql> insert into t2 values(20);
2.LB-Master查看连接状态
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# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.2.200:mysql rr persistent 6
-> 192.168.2.50:mysql Route 100 1 0
-> 192.168.2.60:mysql Route 100 0 0
# ipvsadm -lcn
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 14:48ESTABLISHED 192.168.2.80:49993 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.50:3306
TCP 00:54NONE 192.168.2.80:0 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.50:3306
3.客户端2（CentOS6.4 32位，IP：192.168.2.81/24）
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# yum install mysql
# mysql -h 192.168.2.200 -u nuo -p
Enter password:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| ndbinfo |
| t |
| test |
+--------------------+
mysql> use t;
mysql> select * from t2;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 20 |
| 10 |
+------+
4.LB-Master查看连接状态
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# ipvsadm -lcn
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 00:36NONE 192.168.2.81:0 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.60:3306
TCP 14:18ESTABLISHED 192.168.2.81:42435 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.60:3306
总结：在客户端1上插入数据后，服务器显示客户端1连接的是SQL1(192.168.2.50),在客户端2上进行查询，能查询到客户端1输入的数据，服务器显示客户端2连接的是SQL2（192.168.2.60），所以，数据是同步的，并且是一致性的。
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