apache＋tomcat 实现负载均衡集群
环境介绍：192.168.101.58apache代理服务器apache，apr，apr-util，tomcat－connector
192.168.101.62tomcat-A服务器tomcat，jdk
192.168.101.63tomcat-B服务器tomcat多实例，ajp_port：8019
192.168.101.63tomcat-默认页面服务器tomcat多实例，ajp_port：8029
apache支持两种代理协议
1.http
2.ajp
tomcat及jdk的安装略过。
编译安装apache的httpd
1、编译安装apr
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# wget
# tar -zxf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
# cd apr-1.5.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make && make install
2、编译安装apr-util
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# wget http://apache.fayea.com/apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# cd apr-util-1.5.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
# make && make install
3、编译安装apache
3.1、安装
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# wget
# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.20.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.4.20
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/http --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxu-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat--enable-slotmem-shm --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog
# make && make install
3.2、编写启动脚本
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# vim /etc/init.d/httpd
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#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.It is used to serve \
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/http/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/http/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
3.3、启动脚本赋予权限
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# chmod +x /etc/init/d/httpd
# chkconfig --add httpd
3.4、启动apache（故障排查）
3.4.1、查看httpd进程
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# service httpd start
# ps -ef |grep httpd
root 14445 141890 15:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep httpd
3.4.2、查看端口状态
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# netstat -tlnp |grep 80
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 14300/httpd#
3.4.3、查看错误日志
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# cat /usr/local/http/logs/error_log
AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[:emerg] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
[:emerg] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting
AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded??
好像是slotmem模块没有加载，编辑httpd配置文件启用slotmem模块
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# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
LoadModule slotmem_plain_module modules/mod_slotmem_plain.so
3.4.4、重新启动测试
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# service httpd start
# ps -ef |grep httpd
root 14300 10 12:52 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/http/bin/httpd
daemon 14302 143000 12:52 ? 00:00:01 /usr/local/http/bin/httpd
daemon 14303 143000 12:52 ? 00:00:01 /usr/local/http/bin/httpd
daemon 14304 143000 12:52 ? 00:00:01 /usr/local/http/bin/httpd
root 14443 144280 15:17 pts/1 00:00:00 vim /etc/init.d/httpd
root 14451 141890 15:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep httpd
# netstat -tlnp |grep 80
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 14300/httpd
4、编译apache的jk模块
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# wget
# tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src.tar.gz
# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src/native/
# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/http/bin/apxs
# make && make install
5、配置（在httpd.conf中virtual host中添加jk的配置文件）
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# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf
5.1编辑httpd-jk.conf
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# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel error
JkMount /* controller
说明：
LoadModule：表示装载模块
JkWorkersFile：定义workers属性的配置文件
JkLogFile： 定义work日志的路径
JkMount： 将/下的所有请求都交给controller集群处理，controller必须要在workers.properties中定义，否则报错
5.2、编辑workers.properties配置文件，增加如下内容
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worker.list＝controller ＃定义控制器
#========tomcat1========
worker.tomcat1.port=8009 ＃tomcat的ajp端口
worker.tomcat1.host=192.168.101.62 ＃tomcat的ip
worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 ＃ajp协议版本，目前1.3
worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 ＃权重
#========tomcat2========
worker.tomcat2.port=8019
worker.tomcat2.host=192.168.101.63
worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1
#========tomcat3========
worker.tomcat3.port=8029
worker.tomcat3.host=192.168.101.63
worker.tomcat3.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat3.lbfactor=1
#========controller负载平衡控制器========
worker.controller.type=lb #指定controller类型
worker.controller.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2,tomcat3 #指定负载平衡的tomcat
worker.controller.sticky_session=true #指定是否粘性session
worker.controller.sticky_session_force=false
worker.connection_pool_size=3000
worker.connection_pool_minsize=50
worker.connection_pool_timeout=50000
# session配置说明:
#当sticky_session,sticky_session_force都为true时不复制session,
#sticky_session_force=false指集群中某台服务器多次请求没有响应,则转发到其它服务器处理,
#sticky_session=false不使用粘性session,同时配置不复制session时,注意转发请求后可能会找不到原来的session.
到此，配置完成。下面访问http://192.168.101.58测试。
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