python_django 返回和 通用视图
普通方式：HttpResponse1
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polls/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template import RequestContext, loaderfrom .models import Questiondef index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html') # 载入一个模板
context = RequestContext(request, { # 填充一个context
'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
})
return HttpResponse(template.render(context)) # 返回HttpResponse
常见的习惯是载入一个模板、填充一个context 然后返回一个含有模板渲染结果的HttpResponse对象
快捷返回：render()
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polls/views.py
from django.shortcuts import renderfrom .models import Questiondef index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)
普通：404错误
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polls/views.py
from django.http import Http404from django.shortcuts import renderfrom .models import Question# ...def detail(request, question_id):
try:
question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
except Question.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404("Question does not exist")
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
快捷：get_object_or_404()
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polls/views.py
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, renderfrom .models import Question# ...def detail(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
通用视图实际上就是调用一个类的函数作为视图，我们只需继承这个模板类，修改必要的参数或重写一些函数即可
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# polls/urls.py
url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index')
# DetailView期望从URL中捕获名为"pk"的主键值，即模板得到的对象 是给定模型主键值为pk的对象
url(r'^(?P<pk>+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
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# polls/views.py
class IndexView(generic.ListView):
# 指定模板路径
template_name = 'polls/index.html'
# 指定对象的名字
context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'
# 这个是重写了获得查询集的方法，直接返回了需要的部分，只写个model = Question不满足需求
def get_queryset(self):
"""Return the last five published questions."""
return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
# 会传给模板一个object_list中主键为pk对象的变量
model = Question
template_name = 'polls/detail.html'
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# polls/index.html
{{object_list }} # 在模板中通过友好名调用和object_list都可以{{ latest_question_list }} # 默认变量名是model名字的小写_list # polls/detail.html{{ object }} # 在模板中通过友好名调用和object都可以{{ question }} # 默认变量名是model的名字的小写
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generic.ListView 传给模板的是个对象列表，如：[<Question: sssssssfeew>, <Question: wogaibiancs>, <Question: timeShow?>, <Question: timeShow?>, <Question: what's up?>]
generic.DetailView 传给模板的是个对象，如：sssssssfeew
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