LNMP的编译安装与xcache、memcached的安装配置
大纲：一、前言
二、系统环境与软件版本
三、编译环境的准备
四、编译安装nginx及其配置
五、编译安装、配置mysql
六、编译安装PHP
七、整合nginx与PHP
八、安装配置PHP加速器xcache
九、安装配置memcached
十、安装memcached的PHP扩展
一、前言
由于公司的服务器采用的是LNMP的架构，平时接触相对较多，今天会系统的把LNMP的安装配置过程写成博文，有关nginx的其他高级功能的配置，mysql的相关知识，会在后面的时间里陆续写成博客。
二、系统环境与软件版本
操作系统：CentOS 5.8 内核版本号：2.6.18-308.el5
平台 ：x86_64
软件版本
nginx-1.6.1.tar.gz
mysql-5.6.20.tar.gz
php-5.4.32.tar.bz2
xcache-3.2.0.tar.gz
memcached-1.4.20.tar.gz
三、编译环境的准备
1、使用yum安装开发包
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# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"
2、安装nginx的依赖包
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# yum -y install pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel
四、编译安装nginx及其配置
1、解压包
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# tar xf nginx-1.6.1.tar.gz -C /opt/
# cd /opt/nginx-1.6.1/
2、为nginx创建用户与用户组
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# groupadd -r nginx
# useradd -r -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin nginx
3、创建nginx的安装目录
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# mkdir /usr/local/nginx
4、编译安装nginx
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# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid\
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--with-pcre
…………
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ md5: using OpenSSL library
+ sha1: using OpenSSL library
+ using system zlib library
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/etc/nginx"
nginx configuration file: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/var/log/nginx/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/tmp/nginx/client/"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
###如果出现报错的话，应该是由于软件包的依赖关系所导致的，自行安装相应的软件包即可
# make && make install
5、为nginx提供启动脚本
在nginx的官网上提供了相应的启动脚本(http://wiki.nginx.org/InitScripts)，结合刚才的配置参数做出相应的修改即可：
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# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description:Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/nginx.lock
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
6、为启动脚本添加执行权限
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# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
7、启动nginx
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# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx:
8、将nginx添加进服务列表，并设置为开机自启
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# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on
# chkconfig nginx --list
nginx 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
9、查看端口号
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# lsof -i :80
COMMAND PIDUSER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 17211root 6uIPv4 124804 0t0TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 17212 nginx 6uIPv4 124804 0t0TCP *:http (LISTEN)
# netstat -tunlp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17211/nginx
10、测试一下（根据服务器的IP地址进行访问）
注：由于做测试的主机是公司内网的测试机，博主现在周末在家休息时写的博客，所以这个测试就在本地使用curl工具给大家演示一下了。
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# curl http://192.168.0.101/
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
可以发现网页访问正常。
注：如果使用其他主机请求，导致无法访问，请检查iptables的配置信息，或者直接关闭iptables
11、配置nginx
1、编辑nginx的主配置文件
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# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ##在HTTP段添加一条配置项：
http {
include mime.types;
include server.conf; ###添加这一行
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;
2、在/etc/nginx/目录下创建server.conf文件
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# vim /etc/nginx/server.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_namewww.test.com;
location / {
root /home/html;
indexindex.html;
}
}
# vim /home/html/index.html
<h1>test file</h1>
3、本地绑定hosts
win7的路径为：C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
Linux的路径为： /etc/hosts
在上述文件中加入：
192.168.0.101 www.test.com
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# /etc/init.d/nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Reloading nginx:
# curl http://www.test.com
<h1>test file</h1>
正常访问。
五、编译安装、配置mysql
1、创建用户与相应的目录
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# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
# mkdir /home/mysql #mysql的数据目录
# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/
# mkdir /usr/local/mysql #mysql的安装目录
2、解压缩
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# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.20.tar.gz -C /opt/
# cd /opt/mysql-5.6.20/
3、编译安装
从MySQL5.5开始就要用cmake安装了，已不能用./configure编译安装，我们查看一下mysql5.6.12的安装目录，从下面的安装目录我们可以看到，里面根本没有configure文件，下面我们来说说cmake，
cmake的重要特性之一是其独立于源码(out-of-source)的编译功能，即编译工作可以在另一个指定的目录中而非源码目录中进行，这可以保证源码目录不受任何一次编译的影响，因此在同一个源码树上可以进行多次不同的编译，如针对于不同平台编译。
cmake指定编译选项的方式不同于make，其实现方式对比如下
./configure 对应的是 cmake . #注意：Linux命令行下cmake后面是需要带一个"."的
./configure --help 对应的是 cmake . -LH 或者是 ccmake
编译安装前，请确保自己的服务器已经安装过cmake
如果没有请执行：yum -y install cmake
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# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled \
-DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
出现报错：
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-- Library mysqlclient depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;m;rt;dl
-- Download failed, error: 7;"couldn't connect to server"
-- To enable google test, please download http://googlemock.googlecode.com/files/gmock-1.6.0.zip to the directory /opt/mysql-5.6.20/source_downloads
-- If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy: export http_proxy=http://example.com:80
-- Library mysqlserver depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;m;rt;crypt;dl
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /opt/mysql-5.6.20
自己手动下载（可能需要翻墙）该文件，上传至相应的目录，并删除CMakeCache.txt文件，重新执行cmake命令，又出现报错：
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CMake Error: Problem with tar_extract_all(): Invalid argument
CMake Error: Problem extracting tar: /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.13/source_downloads/gmock-1.6.0.zip
谷歌了一下，需要个手动解压该文件：
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# cd source_downloads/
# unzip gmock-1.6.0.zip
# cd gmock-1.6.0
# cd gmock-1.6.0
# ./configure
# make
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