apache 自带 ab.exe 性能测试工具使用
ab的全称是ApacheBench，是Apache附带的一个小工具，专门用于 HTTP Server 的benchmark testing，能够同时模拟多个并发请求。前段时间看到公司的研发人员也在用他作一些测试，看起来也不错，很简单，也很容易使用，所以今天花一点时间看了一下。通过下面的一个简单的例子和注释，相信大家能够更容易理解这个工具的使用。
一个简单的例子
/*在这个例子的一开始，我执行了这样一个命令 ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/。这个命令的意思是启动 ab ，向 www.google.com 发送10个请求(-n 10) ，并每次发送10个请求(-c 10)——也就是说一次都发过去了。
ab -t 60 -c 100 http://www.google.com/ 的意思是在60秒内发请求，一次100个请求。
//如果需要在url中带参数，这样做
ab -t 60 -c 100 -T "text/plain" -p p.txt http://127.0.0.1/hello.php
p.txt 是和ab.exe在一个目录
p.txt 中可以写参数，如p=wdp&fq=78
跟着下面的是 ab 输出的测试报告，红色部分是我添加的注释。*/
C:\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-devapache-2.0
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright 1997-2005 TheApacheSoftware Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.google.com (be patient).....done
Server Software: GWS/2.1
Server Hostname: www.google.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 230 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
/*整个测试持续的时间*/
Time taken for tests: 3.234651 seconds
/*完成的请求数量*/
Complete requests: 10
/*失败的请求数量*/
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 10
Keep-Alive requests: 10
/*整个场景中的网络传输量*/
Total transferred: 6020 bytes
/*整个场景中的HTML内容传输量*/
HTML transferred: 2300 bytes
/*大家最关心的指标之一，相当于 LR 中的每秒事务数，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是个平均值*/
Requests per second: 3.09 [#/sec] (mean)
/*大家最关心的指标之二，相当于 LR 中的平均事务响应时间，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是个平均值*/
Time per request: 3234.651 (mean)
/*这个还不知道是什么意思，有知道的朋友请留言，谢谢 ^_^ */
Time per request: 323.465 (mean, across all concurrent requests)
/*平均每秒网络上的流量，能够帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题*/
Transfer rate: 1.55 received
/*网络上消耗的时间的分解，各项数据的具体算法还不是很清楚*/
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 20 318 926.1 30 2954
Processing: 40 2160 1462.0 3034 3154
Waiting: 40 2160 1462.0 3034 3154
Total: 60 2479 1276.4 3064 3184
/*下面的内容为整个场景中任何请求的响应情况。在场景中每个请求都有一个响应时间，其中 50％的用户响应时间小于 3064 毫秒，60 ％的用户响应时间小于 3094 毫秒，最大的响应时间小于 3184 毫秒*/
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 3064
66% 3094
75% 3124
80% 3154
90% 3184
95% 3184
98% 3184
99% 3184
100% 3184 (longest request)
更多信息
ab 不像 LR 那么强大，但是他足够轻便，假如只是在研发过程中想检查一下某个模块的响应情况，或做一些场景比较简单的测试，ab 还是个不错的选择——至少不用花费很多时间去学习 LR 那些复杂的功能，就更别说那 License 的价格了。
下面是 ab 的周详参数解释，大家有兴趣的能够研究一下。
ab [ -Aauth-username:password ] [ -cconcurrency ] [ -Ccookie-name=value ] [ -d ] [ -ecsv-file ] [ -ggnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -Hcustom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k ] [ -nrequests ] [ -pPOST-file ] [ -Pproxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -ttimelimit ] [ -Tcontent-type ] [ -vverbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x-attributes ] [ -Xproxy[:port] ] [ -y-attributes ] [ -z-attributes ] hostname[:port]/path
-A auth-username:password
Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username andpassword are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs it(i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed).
-c concurrency
Number of multiple requests to perform. at a time. Default is one request at a time.
-C cookie-name=value
Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the form. of a name=value pair. This field is repeatable.
-d
Do not display the "percentage served within XX table". (legacy support).
-e csv-file
Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each percentage(from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve thatpercentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.
-g gnuplot-file
Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values)file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL,Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of the file.
-h
Display usage information.
-H custom-header
Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form. of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair(i.e., "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit").
-i
Do HEAD requests instead of GET.
-k
Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform. multiple requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.
-n requests
Number of requests to perform. for the benchmarking session. The default is to just perform. a single request which usually leads tonon-representative benchmarking results.
-p POST-file
File containing data to POST.
-P proxy-auth-username:password
Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The username andpassword are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs it(i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).
-q
Whenprocessing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count on stderr every 10% or 100 requests or so. The -q flag will suppress thesemessages.
-s
When compiled in (ab -h will show you) use the SSLprotected https rather than the http protocol. This feature isexperimental and very rudimentary. You probably do not want to use it.
-S
Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display thewarning/error messages when the average and median are more than one ortwo times the standard deviation apart. And default to the min/avg/maxvalues. (legacy support).
-t timelimit
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