心心失意 发表于 2016-11-1 10:03:53

一个Excel导入SQL Server的例子


有人提问如下:

这个是Excel的,比如是test.xls

欠费年份 欠费开始月份 欠费结束月份 应缴金额(月租)

2001 9 12 94.4

2008 5 12 88.8

2010 8 12 90.4

___________________________________________


这个是表:比如是a表

a(pk,int,not null) //主键,自动增长

b(varchar(19),null)
//费款所属期

c(decimal(10,2),null) //应缴金额___________________________________________


现在我要将test.xls中的数据导入到a表,从开始月份到结束月份要做循环导入,比如第一条2001年的从9月到12月要录入4条数据到a表,导入后的格式如:

select * from a


a b c

1 2001-09 94.4

2 2001-10 94.4

3 2001-11 94.4

4 2001-12 94.4


数据库是:MS Sql server 2008

--启用Ad Hoc Distributed Queries:
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1
reconfigure
exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',1
reconfigure

--使用完成后,关闭Ad Hoc Distributed Queries:
exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',0
reconfigure
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',0
reconfigure


解析:

思路一:可以使用OpenRowset查询导入到表变量中,再用游标循环赋值。方法如下:



use testdb2
go
/*******************建立测试数据***3w@live.cn***********************/
IF NOT OBJECT_ID('') IS NULL
DROP TABLE [TBTest]
GO
CREATE TABLE [TBTest](
[tid] int identity(1,1) primary key,
[date] NVARCHAR(20) null,
[Money] decimal(10,2) null)
go
/*******************启用Ad Hoc Distributed Queries***3w@live.cn***********************/
--------USE master
--------go
--------sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
--------GO
------------reconfigure
----------启用分布式查询 Ad Hoc Distributed Queries
--------sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries', 1
--------GO
--------reconfigure
--------go
use testdb2
go
/*******************定义表变量***3w@live.cn***********************/
Declare @TableVar table
(PKId int primary key identity(1,1)
,RYear int not null,BMonth int not null
,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null
)
insert into @TableVar
(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)
select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls',
'select * from ')
----select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar
------update @TableVar
------SET d1=cast(
------Cast(RYear as Nvarchar(4))+'-'+cast(BMonth AS nvarchar(2))+'-01' as date)
------, d2=cast(
------Cast(RYear as Nvarchar(4))+'-'+cast(EMonth AS nvarchar(2))+'-01' as date)
/*******************第一种方法,用游标***3w@live.cn***********************/
DECLARE @RYear int
declare @BMonth int
declare @EMonth int
declare @RMoney int
DECLARE DateDemo_cursor CURSOR FOR
select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar where 1=1
OPEN DateDemo_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor
INTO @RYear,@BMonth,@EMonth,@RMoney
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
--修改记录
while(@EMonth-@BMonth>=0)
begin
insert INTO [TBTest]
SELECT TOP 1 cast(RYearAS nvarchar(4))+'-'+
CASE WHEN (@BMonth<10) THEN '0'+cast(@BMonth AS nvarchar(2))
ELSE cast(@BMonth AS nvarchar(2)) END,
Rmoney from @TableVar where Ryear=@RYear
SET @BMonth=@BMonth+1
end
--修改结束
FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor into @RYear,@BMonth,@EMonth,@RMoney
END
CLOSE DateDemo_cursor
DEALLOCATE DateDemo_cursor
GO
SELECT * FROM [TBTest]





查询结果:



/*

tid date Money

1 2001-09 94.40

2 2001-10 94.40

3 2001-11 94.40

4 2001-12 94.40

5 2008-05 88.80

6 2008-06 88.80

7 2008-07 88.80

8 2008-08 88.80

9 2008-09 88.80

10 2008-10 88.80

11 2008-11 88.80

12 2008-12 88.80

13 2010-08 90.40

14 2010-09 90.40

15 2010-10 90.40

16 2010-11 90.40

17 2010-12 90.40
*/







评价:该方法使用了最传统的方法,思路清晰。但没有体现SQL server 2008的语法特性,略显繁琐。

思路二:可否使用CTE实现?(KillKill提供)




/*******************第二种方法,用CTE,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2*********/
/***************************************3w@live.cn***********************/
TRUNCATE table [TBTest]
go
Declare @TableVar table
(PKId int primary key identity(1,1)
,RYear int not null,BMonth int not null
,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null
);
insert into @TableVar(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)
select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls',
'select * from ');

with seq as (select top 12 row_number() over (order by object_id) val
from sys.objects)
select
cast(t.RYearAS nvarchar(4))+'-'+
CASE WHEN (t.BMonth+seq.val<10) THEN '0'+cast(t.BMonth+seq.val AS nvarchar(2))
ELSE cast(t.BMonth+seq.val AS nvarchar(2)) END
,RMoney c
from @TableVar t inner join seq
on t.BMonth+seq.val <= EMonth;







思路三:可否使用SQL Server 2008新提供的Merge实现?

思路四:使用NPOI在业务层实现数据转换。

思路五:用Master..spt_values表实现(由小F提供)

利用该表,可获取一定区间内的列表,最长不超过2048,如



select number from master..spt_values
where type='P' and
number between 1 and 5
/*
number
1
2
3
4
5
*/







因为月份最多12,不超过2048,因此可以利用 master..spt_values。



/*******************第五种方法,用master..spt_values,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2*********/
/***************************************3w@live.cn***********************/
Declare @TableVar table
(PKId int primary key identity(1,1)
,RYear int not null,BMonth int not null
,EMonth int not null,RMoney Decimal(15,2) not null
----,d1 date null,d2 Date null
);
insert into @TableVar
(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)
select * from OpenRowSet('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:/test/test20110501.xls',
'select * from ');
select
tid=row_number()over(order by getdate()),ltrim(RYear)+'-'+ltrim(right(100+number,2)) as date,
     b.RMoney as money
from
master..spt_values a, @TableVar b
where
number between BMonth and EMonth
and
type='p'





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