Tomcat的安装和使用
===============================================================================概述：
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Tomcat的安装及程序环境 1.安装Tomcat
★Tomcat binary release：
[*]# tar xf apache-tomcat-VERSION.tar.gz-C /usr/local/
[*]# cd /usr/local
[*]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-VERSIONtomcat
★Base Repo：
[*]tomcat, tomcat-lib, tomcat-admin-webapps, tomcat-webapps, tomcat-docs-webapp
2.Tomcat程序环境★二进制归档展开安装的程序环境☉tomcat的目录结构
[*]bin：脚本，及启动时用到的类；
[*]conf：配置文件；
[*]lib：库文件，Java类库，jar；
[*]logs：日志文件目录；
[*]temp：临时文件目录；
[*]webapps：webapp的默认目录；
[*]work：工作目录；
☉catalina.sh 启动时的脚本会调用参数（start、stop、version，configtest）★rpm包安装的程序环境：☉配置文件：
[*]/etc/tomcat
☉webapps存放位置：/var/lib/tomcat/webapps/
[*]examples
[*]manager
[*]host-manager
[*]docs
★Tomcat的配置文件☉server.xml：
[*]主配置文件；
☉web.xml：
[*]每个webapp只有“部署”后才能被访问，它的部署方式通常由web.xml进行定义，其存放位置为WEB-INF/目录中；此文件（主目录下的）为所有的webapps提供默认配置；
☉context.xml：
[*]每个web都可以专用的配置文件，它通常由专用的配置文件context.xml来定义，其存放位置为WEB-INF/目录中；此文件为所有的webapps提供默认配置；
☉tomcat-users.xml
[*]用户认证的账号和密码文件；
☉catalina.policy
[*]当使用-security选项启动tomcat时，用于为tomcat设置安全策略；
☉catalina.properties：
[*]Java属性的定义文件，用于设定类加载器路径，以及一些与JVM调优相关参数；
☉logging.properties：
[*]日志系统相关的配置；
二进制程序包（binary）安装启动演示：
1.在官方下载tomcat的二进制程序包，并解压到/usr/local目录下，创建软连接
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# ls
apache-tomcat-8.0.23.tar.gz # 下载的二进制程序包
# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.0.23.tar.gz -C /usr/local #解压到/usr/local目录中
# cd /usr/local
# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 149 Dec 16 15:53 apache-tomcat-8.0.23
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 bin
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 etc
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 games
drwxr-xr-x14 root root 151 Aug 24 22:19 http2
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 include
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 lib
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 libexec
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.5 root root46 Jul 25 23:57 share
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 src
# ln -sv apache-tomcat-8.0.23 tomcat # 创建软连接
‘tomcat’ -> ‘apache-tomcat-8.0.23’
# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 16 15:54 apache-tomcat-8.0.23
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 bin
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 etc
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 games
drwxr-xr-x14 root root 151 Aug 24 22:19 http2
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 include
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 lib
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 libexec
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.5 root root46 Jul 25 23:57 share
drwxr-xr-x.2 root root 6 Aug 122015 src
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root20 Dec 16 15:54 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.0.23
2.查看Tomcat程序环境的组成结构
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# cd tomcat/
# ll
total 96
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 Dec 16 16:01 bin # 二进制程序，因为是java程序，所以主要为脚本
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 May 192015 conf# 配置文件目录
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 Dec 16 16:01 lib # 库文件，打包为.jar文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56977 May 192015 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 192015 logs# 日志文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root1397 May 192015 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root6741 May 192015 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16204 May 192015 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 29 Dec 16 16:01 temp# 临时文件
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 76 May 192015 webapps# 应用程序的根目录
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 192015 work # 工作目录。
# ls bin/
bootstrap.jarcatalina-tasks.xml configtest.batdigest.bat setclasspath.shstartup.bat tomcat-native.tar.gzversion.bat
catalina.bat commons-daemon.jar configtest.sh digest.sh shutdown.bat startup.sh tool-wrapper.bat version.sh
catalina.sh commons-daemon-native.tar.gzdaemon.sh setclasspath.batshutdown.sh tomcat-juli.jartool-wrapper.sh
# ls conf/
catalina.policycatalina.propertiescontext.xmllogging.propertiesserver.xmltomcat-users.xmltomcat-users.xsdweb.xml
# ls lib/
annotations-api.jarcatalina.jar ecj-4.4.2.jarjasper.jar tomcat-api.jar tomcat-i18n-es.jartomcat-jdbc.jartomcat-util-scan.jar
catalina-ant.jar catalina-storeconfig.jarel-api.jar jsp-api.jar tomcat-coyote.jartomcat-i18n-fr.jartomcat-jni.jar tomcat-websocket.jar
catalina-ha.jar catalina-tribes.jar jasper-el.jarservlet-api.jartomcat-dbcp.jar tomcat-i18n-ja.jartomcat-util.jarwebsocket-api.jar
# ls webapps/
docsexampleshost-managermanagerROOT
# ls work/ # 每一个jsp程序在运行前要想转化为servlet代码，然后编译。整个中间过程的存放位置
3.使用catalina.sh脚本调用version参数查看版本
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# bin/catalina.sh version
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.0.23
Server built: May 19 2015 14:58:38 UTC
Server number:8.0.23.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 3.18.41-1.0-Taolinux
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.8.0_25-b17
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
4.tomcat的启用最好用普通用户，所以创建tomcat用户，并修改目录的属主和属组，启动服务，如下：
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# useradd -r tomcat
# chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/*
# ll
total 96
drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat4096 Dec 16 16:01 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat4096 May 192015 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat4096 Dec 16 16:01 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 56977 May 192015 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 6 May 192015 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat1397 May 192015 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat6741 May 192015 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 16204 May 192015 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 29 Dec 16 16:01 temp
drwxr-xr-x 7 tomcat tomcat 76 May 192015 webapps
drwxr-xr-x 2 tomcat tomcat 6 May 192015 work
# 使用tomcat用户启动服务
# su - tomcat -c '/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start'
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/tomcat: No such file or directory
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started. # 提示启动成功
# 查看端口8080,8009
# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 25 *:514 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 25 :::514 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
5.浏览器访问如下：
6.编辑/etc/profile.d/配置文件，输出CATALINA_BASE环境变量
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# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh # 添加环境变量
export CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh# 重读配置文件生效
# catalina.sh version# 查看版本
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.0.23
Server built: May 19 2015 14:58:38 UTC
Server number:8.0.23.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 3.18.41-1.0-Taolinux
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.8.0_25-b17
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Base Repo安装启动演示： 1.安装程序包
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# yum list all tomcat* # 查看tomcat相关程序包如下：
Available Packages
tomcat.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-el-2.2-api.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-javadoc.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-jsp-2.2-api.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-jsvc.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-lib.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-native.x86_64 1.1.34-1.el7 epel
tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcat-webapps.noarch 7.0.54-2.el7_1 CDROM
tomcatjss.noarch 7.1.2-1.el7 CDROM
# 安装程序包，这里会自动解决依赖关系
# yum install -y tomcat tomcat-lib tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp
2.查看程序环境
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# rpm -ql tomcat
/etc/logrotate.d/tomcat
/etc/sysconfig/tomcat
/etc/tomcat # 配置文件目录
/etc/tomcat/Catalina
/etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost
/etc/tomcat/catalina.policy
/etc/tomcat/catalina.properties
/etc/tomcat/context.xml
/etc/tomcat/log4j.properties
/etc/tomcat/logging.properties
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf
/etc/tomcat/web.xml
/usr/bin/tomcat-digest
/usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service# Until File文件
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tomcat.conf
/usr/libexec/tomcat
/usr/libexec/tomcat/functions
/usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble
/usr/libexec/tomcat/server
/usr/sbin/tomcat # 程序文件
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.54
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.54/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.54/NOTICE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.54/RELEASE-NOTES
/usr/share/tomcat
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml
/usr/share/tomcat/conf
/usr/share/tomcat/lib
/usr/share/tomcat/logs
/usr/share/tomcat/temp
/usr/share/tomcat/webapps
/usr/share/tomcat/work
/var/cache/tomcat
/var/cache/tomcat/temp
/var/cache/tomcat/work
/var/lib/tomcat
/var/lib/tomcat/webapps
/var/lib/tomcats
/var/log/tomcat
/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out
/var/run/tomcat.pid
# ll /etc/tomcat/# 配置文件
total 208
drwxrwxr-x 3 root tomcat 22 Dec 16 16:27 Catalina
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat12257 May 132015 catalina.policy
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 6294 May 132015 catalina.properties
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 1394 May 132015 context.xml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 547 May 132015 log4j.properties
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 3288 May 132015 logging.properties
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 6536 May 132015 server.xml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 1568 May 132015 tomcat.conf
-rw-rw---- 1 tomcat tomcat 1998 May 132015 tomcat-users.xml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tomcat tomcat 163385 May 132015 web.xml
# ll /var/lib/tomcat# 查看webapps文件
total 0
drwxrwxr-x 8 root tomcat 89 Dec 16 16:27 webapps
# ll /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Dec 16 16:27 docs
drwxr-xr-x8 tomcat tomcat120 Dec 16 16:27 examples
drwxr-xr-x5 root tomcat 82 Dec 16 16:27 host-manager
drwxr-xr-x5 root tomcat 97 Dec 16 16:27 manager
drwxr-xr-x3 tomcat tomcat 4096 Dec 16 16:27 ROOT
drwxr-xr-x5 tomcat tomcat 81 Dec 16 16:27 sample
3.启动tomcat并查看端口8080
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# systemctl start tomcat.service# 直接启动tomcat服务
# ss -tnl# 查看监听端口8080,8009
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
4.在浏览器中访问如下：
页:
[1]