Linux LNMP环境的搭建 详细步骤
Nginx的编译安装1
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yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
cd /root/tools
wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M
tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.3
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3 /application/nginx
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
Mysql 的安装
源码安装包的解压
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# groupadd mysql
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
# tail -1 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
# id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)
# mkdir -p /root/tools
# cd /root/tools/
# ll
total 182348
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186722932 Dec 21 02:25 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
# mkdir -p /application/
# mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32
# ln -sv /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql
`/application/mysql' -> `/application/mysql-5.5.32/'
# ll /application/
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx.1 root root 26 Dec 21 02:27 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 21 02:27 mysql-5.5.32
初始化Mysql的配置文件
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# cd /application/mysql
# ll support-files/*.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel4691 Jun 192013 support-files/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 19759 Jun 192013 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel4665 Jun 192013 support-files/my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel4676 Jun 192013 support-files/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel2840 Jun 192013 support-files/my-small.cnf
# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? yes
# ll /etc/my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2840 Dec 21 02:29 /etc/my.cnf
初始化Mysql数据库文件
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# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data
# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'test' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h test password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /application/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!
#
安装有两个OK的字样，表示初始化成功，
以上的初始化命令生成的数据库文件如下：
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# tree /application/mysql/data/
/application/mysql/data/
├── mysql
│ ├── columns_priv.frm
│ ├── columns_priv.MYD
│ ├── columns_priv.MYI
│ ├── db.frm
│ ├── db.MYD
│ ├── db.MYI
│ ├── event.frm
│ ├── event.MYD
│ ├── event.MYI
│ ├── func.frm
│ ├── func.MYD
│ ├── func.MYI
│ ├── general_log.CSM
│ ├── general_log.CSV
│ ├── general_log.frm
│ ├── help_category.frm
│ ├── help_category.MYD
│ ├── help_category.MYI
│ ├── help_keyword.frm
│ ├── help_keyword.MYD
│ ├── help_keyword.MYI
│ ├── help_relation.frm
│ ├── help_relation.MYD
│ ├── help_relation.MYI
│ ├── help_topic.frm
│ ├── help_topic.MYD
│ ├── help_topic.MYI
│ ├── host.frm
│ ├── host.MYD
│ ├── host.MYI
│ ├── ndb_binlog_index.frm
│ ├── ndb_binlog_index.MYD
│ ├── ndb_binlog_index.MYI
│ ├── plugin.frm
│ ├── plugin.MYD
│ ├── plugin.MYI
│ ├── proc.frm
│ ├── proc.MYD
│ ├── proc.MYI
│ ├── procs_priv.frm
│ ├── procs_priv.MYD
│ ├── procs_priv.MYI
│ ├── proxies_priv.frm
│ ├── proxies_priv.MYD
│ ├── proxies_priv.MYI
│ ├── servers.frm
│ ├── servers.MYD
│ ├── servers.MYI
│ ├── slow_log.CSM
│ ├── slow_log.CSV
│ ├── slow_log.frm
│ ├── tables_priv.frm
│ ├── tables_priv.MYD
│ ├── tables_priv.MYI
│ ├── time_zone.frm
│ ├── time_zone_leap_second.frm
│ ├── time_zone_leap_second.MYD
│ ├── time_zone_leap_second.MYI
│ ├── time_zone.MYD
│ ├── time_zone.MYI
│ ├── time_zone_name.frm
│ ├── time_zone_name.MYD
│ ├── time_zone_name.MYI
│ ├── time_zone_transition.frm
│ ├── time_zone_transition.MYD
│ ├── time_zone_transition.MYI
│ ├── time_zone_transition_type.frm
│ ├── time_zone_transition_type.MYD
│ ├── time_zone_transition_type.MYI
│ ├── user.frm
│ ├── user.MYD
│ └── user.MYI
├── performance_schema
│ ├── cond_instances.frm
│ ├── db.opt
│ ├── events_waits_current.frm
│ ├── events_waits_history.frm
│ ├── events_waits_history_long.frm
│ ├── events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
│ ├── events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
│ ├── events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
│ ├── file_instances.frm
│ ├── file_summary_by_event_name.frm
│ ├── file_summary_by_instance.frm
│ ├── mutex_instances.frm
│ ├── performance_timers.frm
│ ├── rwlock_instances.frm
│ ├── setup_consumers.frm
│ ├── setup_instruments.frm
│ ├── setup_timers.frm
│ └── threads.frm
└── test
└── db.opt
3 directories, 91 files
初始化的时候可能的错误：
错误一
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WARRNING:the host'test'could not be looked up with resolveip.
需要修改主机名的解析，使其和uname -n一样，修改后的结果如下：
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# grep `uname -n` /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 test localhost.localdomain localhost
错误二
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ERROR: 1004 Can't create file'/temp/#sql300e_1_0.frm'(errno :13)
可能是/tmp权限的问题解决办法
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chmod -R 1777 /tmp
配置并启动Mysql
1 设置启动脚本：
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# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
2 Mysql默认安装路径是/usr/local/mysql，启动脚本里是/usr/local/mysql的路径都需要替换：
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# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld
3 启动Mysql数据库
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# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL...
4 检查Mysql数据是否启动成功
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# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2330/mysqld
# lsof -i :3306
COMMANDPIDUSER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld2330 mysql 10uIPv423130 0t0TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
如果没发现3306，可以tail -100 /application/mysql/data/机器名.err查看日志信息
5 查看Mysql数据库启动的日志
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# tail -10 /application/mysql/data/test.err
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
1612212:43:58InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
1612212:43:59 InnoDB: 5.5.32 started; log sequence number 0
1612212:43:59 Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306
1612212:43:59 - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
1612212:43:59 Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
1612212:43:59 Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
1612212:43:59 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.5.32'socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock'port: 3306MySQL Community Server (GPL)
6 设置Mysql开机自动启动
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# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig mysqld on
# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
7 配置mysql命令的全局使用路径
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# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
# source /etc/profile
# echo $PATH
/application/mysql/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
8 登录测试Mysql，
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mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
为Mysql的root用户设置密码
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# mysqladmin -u root password '123qwe'
# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
清理无用的Mysql用户及库
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mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ###
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | test |
| root | test |
+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user ""@"localhost"; ###
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user ""@"test";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user "root"@"test";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user "root"@"::1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ###
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果不能删除用户
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mysql> drop user "root"@":：1";
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for 'root'@':1'
解决办法：
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mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="and host=::1" ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
现在就可以删除无用的数据库了
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mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
PHP的安装
一、什么是CGI
全称“通用网关接口”（Common Gateway Interface），为HTTP服务与其他机器上的程序服务通信交流的一种工具，CGI程序须运行在网络服务器上。
FastCGI，在linux下FastCGI接口即为socket，可以使文件socket，也可以是IP socket,
FastCGI的重要特点如下：
HTTP服务器和动态脚本语言间通信的接口或工具；
可把动态语言解析和HTTP服务器分离开；
Nginx、Apache、Lighttpd，以及多数动态语言都支持FastCGI；
FastCGI接口方式采用C/S结构，分客户端（HTTPfuwuqi )和服务端（动态语言解析服务器）
PHP动态语言服务器端可以启动多个FastCGI的守护进程（例如php-fpm(fcgi process management)）
HTTP服务器通过（例如Nginx fastcgi_pass）FastCGI客户端和动态语言FastCGI服务器端通信（例如php-fpm）
二、Nginx FastCGI的运行原理
三、LNMP的PHP（FastCGI方式）服务的安装准备
一、检查确认Nginx及Mysql的安装路径
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# ll -d /application/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Dec 21 02:27 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
# ll -d /application/nginx
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Dec 21 03:34 /application/nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3
二、检查端口及启动情况
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# netstat -lntup|grep -E "80|3306"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2330/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27326/nginx
三、测试访问Nginx及Mysql是否OK
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# wget 127.0.0.1
--2016-12-21 03:36:58--http://127.0.0.1/
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 612
Saving to: “index.html”
100%[==============================================>] 612 --.-K/s in 0s
2016-12-21 03:36:58 (149 MB/s) - “index.html” saved
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
.......
四、检查安装PHP所需要的lib库
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# rpm -qa zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
# yum install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
# rpm -qa freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
# yum install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
五、安装yum无法安装libiconv库
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# cd /root/tools/
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
--2016-12-21 03:42:51--http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b
Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4984397 (4.8M)
Saving to: “libiconv-1.14.tar.gz”
100%[==============================================>] 4,984,397 276K/s in 13s
2016-12-21 03:43:05 (370 KB/s) - “libiconv-1.14.tar.gz” saved
# tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
# cd libiconv-1.14
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
# make
# make install
六、安装libmcrypt库
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# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http：//mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
# cp epel-6.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel
七、安装mhash加密扩展库
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yum -y install mhash
八、安装mcrypt加密扩展库
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yum -y install mcrypt
PHP服务的安装
一、解压配置软件包
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# cd /root/tools
# tar zxf php-5.3.27.tar.gz
#./configure \
--prefix=/application/php5.3.27 \
--with-mysql=/application/mysql \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-safe-mode \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-zend-multibyte \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-ftp
二、编译PHP
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# ln -sv /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/
# touch ext/phar/phar.phar
# make
# make install
三、配置PHP引擎配置文件php.ini
1、设置软连接以方便访问：
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# ln -sv /application/php5.3.27 /application/php
`/application/php' -> `/application/php5.3.27'
# ll /application/php
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Dec 21 04:29 /application/php -> /application/php5.3.27
2、查看PHP配置默认模板文件
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# ll php.ini*
-rw-r--r--. 1 101 101 69606 Jul 112013 php.ini-development
-rw-r--r--. 1 101 101 69627 Jul 112013 php.ini-production
开发环境更多的是开启日志、调试信息，而生产环境都是关闭状态
3、拷贝PHP配置文件到PHP默认目录，并更改文件名称为php.ini：
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# cp php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini
# ll /application/php/lib/php.ini
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 69627 Dec 21 04:33 /application/php/lib/php.ini
四、配置PHP服务（FastCGI方式）的配置文件php-fpm.conf
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# cd /application/php/etc/
# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root1232 Dec 21 04:26 pear.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21683 Dec 21 04:25 php-fpm.conf.default
# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
五、启动PHP服务（FastCGI方式）
1、启动PHP服务php-fpm
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# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
2、检查PHP服务php-fpm的进程及端口启动情况
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# ps -ef|grep php-fpm
root 30568 10 04:36 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx 30569305680 04:36 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx 30570305680 04:36 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 30572 19000 04:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm
六、配置Nginx支持PHP程序请求访问
1、查看Nginx的当前配置
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# cd /application/nginx/conf/
# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.02
# cat nginx.conf
2、以blog为例
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# cat conf/extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.com;
location / {
root html/blog;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
最终blog虚拟主机的完整配置如下：
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# cat conf/extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.com;
location / {
root html/blog;
indexindex.html index.htm;
}
location ~.*\.(php|php5)$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root html;
#}
}
}
检查语法并重启Nginx
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# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试LNMP环境是否生效
在/application/nginx/html/blog下创建一个php文件
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# cat /application/nginx/html/blog/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
#
修改本地计算机（本人是WINDOWS 10）hosts文件的DNS，并访问blog.abc.com
写的很详细，收藏了！
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