apache+tomcat集群、负载均衡及session复制
一、环境搭建：* 准备机器两台：192.168.0.2、192.168.0.3
* 下载apache2.2.9,地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi ，安装在192.168.0.2的D:\Apache
* 下载apache-tomcat-5.5.26.zip,地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-55.cgi ，分别解压到192.168.0.2、192.168.0.3的D:\Tomcat5.5
* 下载mod_jk，在这里找：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-connectors.cgi ，或者直接下载：http://dev.xiaonei.com/apache-mirror/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/win32/jk-1.2.26/mod_jk-1.2.26-httpd-2.2.4.so ，拷贝到D:\Apache\modules改名为：mod_jk
二、集群，负载配置：
* 修改D:\Apache\conf\httpd.conf，
修改前：
Java代码
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
修改后：
Java代码
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#Listen 80
Listen 192.168.0.2:80
#引入配置文件
Include conf/http-vhosts.conf
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
# add compressstart
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
# add compressend
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#Listen 80
Listen 192.168.0.2:80
#引入配置文件
Include conf/http-vhosts.conf
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
# add compressstart
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
# add compressend
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
* 在conf下面新建http-vhosts.conf内容如下：
Java代码
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@yoursite.com
DocumentRoot "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com"
ServerName yoursite.com
ServerAlias www.yoursite.com
ErrorLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-access.log" common
# add compressstart
<Location "/">
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0 no-gzip
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary
</Location>
# add compressend
<Directory "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com">
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride None
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@yoursite.com
DocumentRoot "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com"
ServerName yoursite.com
ServerAlias www.yoursite.com
ErrorLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-access.log" common
# add compressstart
<Location "/">
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0 no-gzip
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary
</Location>
# add compressend
<Directory "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com">
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride None
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
* 在conf下新建文件mod_jk.conf，内容如下：
Java代码
# Load mod_jk module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
# Where to find workers.properties
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
# Where to put jk shared memory
JkShmFile logs/httpd/mod_jk.shm
# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
# Set the jk log level
JkLogLevel info
# Select the log format
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T %R"
# All requests go to Tomcat by default
JkMount /* www
# Serve html, jpg and gif etc using Apache
JkUnMount /*.css www
JkUnMount /*.jswww
JkUnMount /*.gif www
JkUnMount /*.jpg www
JkUnMount /*.htm www
JkUnMount /*.swf www
JkUnMount /*.xml www
JkUnMount /*.ico www
# png and flv mount to tomcat
#JkUnMount /*.png www
#JkUnMount /*.flv www
# Load mod_jk module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
# Where to find workers.properties
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
# Where to put jk shared memory
JkShmFile logs/httpd/mod_jk.shm
# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
# Set the jk log level
JkLogLevel info
# Select the log format
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T %R"
# All requests go to Tomcat by default
JkMount /* www
# Serve html, jpg and gif etc using Apache
JkUnMount /*.css www
JkUnMount /*.jswww
JkUnMount /*.gif www
JkUnMount /*.jpg www
JkUnMount /*.htm www
JkUnMount /*.swf www
JkUnMount /*.xml www
JkUnMount /*.ico www
# png and flv mount to tomcat
#JkUnMount /*.png www
#JkUnMount /*.flv www
* 在conf下新建文件workers.properties，内容如下：
Java代码
#
# workers.properties
#
# list the workers by name
worker.list=www
worker.maintain=60
# =============================================================================
# ------------------------
# www1 server 0.2
# ------------------------
worker.www1.port=8009
worker.www1.host=192.168.0.2
worker.www1.type=ajp13
worker.www1.socket_timeout=0
worker.www1.socket_keepalive=true
worker.www1.lbfactor=10
# Define preferred failover node for worker1
#worker.www1.redirect=www2
# ------------------------
# www2 server 0.2
# ------------------------
worker.www2.port=9009
worker.www2.host=192.168.0.2
worker.www2.type=ajp13
worker.www2.socket_timeout=0
worker.www2.socket_keepalive=true
worker.www2.lbfactor=10
#Disable worker2 for all requests except failover
#worker.worker2.activation=disabled
# ------------------------
# Load Balancer worker
# ------------------------
worker.www.type=lb
#worker.www.balance_workers=www2
worker.www.balance_workers=www1,www2
worker.www.sticky_session=true
#worker.www.method=Traffic
# ----------------------
#
#-----------------------
# Add the status worker to the worker list
#worker.list=jkstatus
# Define a 'jkstatus' worker using status
#worker.jkstatus.type=status
# Add the jkstatus mount point
#JkMount /jkmanager/* jkstatus
# ===========================================================================
#
# END workers.properties
#
#
# workers.properties
#
# list the workers by name
worker.list=www
worker.maintain=60
# =============================================================================
# ------------------------
# www1 server 0.2
# ------------------------
worker.www1.port=8009
worker.www1.host=192.168.0.2
worker.www1.type=ajp13
worker.www1.socket_timeout=0
worker.www1.socket_keepalive=true
worker.www1.lbfactor=10
# Define preferred failover node for worker1
#worker.www1.redirect=www2
# ------------------------
# www2 server 0.2
# ------------------------
worker.www2.port=9009
worker.www2.host=192.168.0.2
worker.www2.type=ajp13
worker.www2.socket_timeout=0
worker.www2.socket_keepalive=true
worker.www2.lbfactor=10
#Disable worker2 for all requests except failover
#worker.worker2.activation=disabled
# ------------------------
# Load Balancer worker
# ------------------------
worker.www.type=lb
#worker.www.balance_workers=www2
worker.www.balance_workers=www1,www2
worker.www.sticky_session=true
#worker.www.method=Traffic
# ----------------------
#
#-----------------------
# Add the status worker to the worker list
#worker.list=jkstatus
# Define a 'jkstatus' worker using status
#worker.jkstatus.type=status
# Add the jkstatus mount point
#JkMount /jkmanager/* jkstatus
# ===========================================================================
#
# END workers.properties
#
三、session复制：参见，方法如下：
* 在每个工程的web.xml中</web-app>前面加上一行：<distributable/>（不要忘记了）
* 在tomcat配置文件的conf下的server.xml中去掉注释，如下：
Java代码
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
useDirtyFlag="true"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
<Membership
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
mcastPort="45564"
mcastFrequency="500"
mcastDropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
tcpListenAddress="auto"
tcpListenPort="4002"
tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
tcpThreadCount="6"/>
<Sender
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
replicationMode="pooled"
ackTimeout="15000"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt;"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
</Cluster>
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
useDirtyFlag="true"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
<Membership
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
mcastPort="45564"
mcastFrequency="500"
mcastDropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
tcpListenAddress="auto"
tcpListenPort="4002"
tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
tcpThreadCount="6"/>
<Sender
className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
replicationMode="pooled"
ackTimeout="15000"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt;"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
</Cluster>
* 下面是成功的正常的反应(关闭另一个tomcat，开始另一个tomcat)：
现在你可是感受一下成果，session被复制到每个tomcat例程，即使例程当机，只要还剩下一个例程，用户就感觉不到任何异常。
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