用Maven构建Java Web开发环境（Jetty容器）之二(转载)
目前为止我们还是手工命令行方式执行程序的，没有和IDE结合，其实Maven天生就对Eclipse做了集成，我们使用mvneclipse:eclipse就得到了一个Eclipse的项目结构，在Eclipse中使用import功能就能直接导入到IDE中了。我们来看一下
这个过程：
此时的demo就是Eclipse项目格式的了，出现了.project和.classpath文件。我们在Eclipse中引入这个项目，此时的
Eclipse没有安装Maven插件，不能自动运行Maven命令，我们来安装Maven的Eclipse插件M2E。
在Eclipse的Install New Software中直接选择安装即可，非常简单。下面我们来创建Web项目并导入Eclipse中，在Jetty容器中运行程序。首先执行mvn archetype:generate命令创建。
可以看到，刚创建的web项目结构包含了resources目录，而没有java代码目录，我们需要手工创建，在Eclipse中创建source
folder，路径为src/main/java/src，现在我们得到如下一个项目结构，新建一个Servlet用于测试。
此时，项目中没有Servlet的依赖，需要添加，我们使用m2eclipse插件来直接添加依赖，如下所示：
相应的XML为：
Xml代码
[*]
<
dependency
>
[*]
<
groupId
>
javax.servlet
</
groupId
>
[*]
<
artifactId
>
servlet-api
</
artifactId
>
[*]
<
version
>
2.5
</
version
>
[*]
<
type
>
jar
</
type
>
[*]
<
scope
>
compile
</
scope
>
[*]
</
dependency
>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
下面就可以编写Servlet了，很简单，就输出HelloWorld吧。
Java代码
[*]
package
org.ourpioneer.servlets;
[*]
[*]
import
java.io.IOException;
[*]
import
java.io.PrintWriter;
[*]
[*]
import
javax.servlet.ServletException;
[*]
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
[*]
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
[*]
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
[*]
[*]
public
class
HelloWorldServlet
extends
HttpServlet {
[*]
[*]
protected
void
doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
[*]
HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException {
[*]
this
.process(request, response);
[*]
}
[*]
[*]
protected
void
doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
[*]
HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException {
[*]
this
.process(request, response);
[*]
}
[*]
[*]
private
void
process(HttpServletRequest request,
[*]
HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException {
[*]
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"
);
[*]
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"
);
[*]
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
[*]
String title="Webapp Demo"
;
[*]
out.println("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">"
);
[*]
out.println("<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">"
);
[*]
out.println("<head>"
);
[*]
out.println("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\" />"
);
[*]
out.println("<title>"
+ title +
"</title>"
);
[*]
out.println("<body>"
);
[*]
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>"
);
[*]
out.println("</body>"
);
[*]
out.println("</html>"
);
[*]
}
[*]
}
package org.ourpioneer.servlets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.process(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.process(request, response);
}
private void process(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String title="Webapp Demo";
out.println("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">");
out.println("<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\" />");
out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
然后不能忘了在web.xml中配置这个Servlet，这里是Servlet 2.5的规范，不是Servlet 3，不能用注解。这也很简单。
Xml代码
[*]
<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"UTF-8"
?>
[*]
<
web-app
version
=
"2.5"
xmlns
=
"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
[*]
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
[*]
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
[*]
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
[*]
[*]
<
display-name
>
Archetype Created Web Application
</
display-name
>
[*]
[*]
<
servlet
>
[*]
<
servlet-name
>
helloworld
</
servlet-name
>
[*]
<
servlet-class
>
org.ourpioneer.servlets.HelloWorldServlet
</
servlet-class
>
[*]
</
servlet
>
[*]
[*]
<
servlet-mapping
>
[*]
<
servlet-name
>
helloworld
</
servlet-name
>
[*]
<
url-pattern
>
/helloworld
</
url-pattern
>
[*]
</
servlet-mapping
>
[*]
</
web-app
>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.ourpioneer.servlets.HelloWorldServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/helloworld</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
程序都有了，剩下就是运行了，Maven既然天生和Jetty是一对儿，这里我们就使用Jetty吧，在Maven中配置Jetty，首先是
webdefault.xml要准备好，它是配置Jetty的，这个可以从Jetty的包中找到，并复制到resources下，这里多说一点，默认
Jetty运行时是锁定JS/CSS等静态文件的，如果想在Jetty运行时也能修改它们，要在webdefault.xml中修改如下设置：
Xml代码
[*]
<
init-param
>
[*]
<
param-name
>
useFileMappedBuffer
</
param-name
>
[*]
<
param-value
>
false
</
param-value
>
[*]
</
init-param
>
<init-param>
<param-name>useFileMappedBuffer</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
Jetty也准备了，运行命令是jetty:run，这要在Maven中设置，那么需要在pom.xml中加入Jetty的插件的设置信息。这里直接贴出其整体构建信息。
Xml代码
[*]
<
build
>
[*]
<
finalName
>
webapp
</
finalName
>
[*]
<
sourceDirectory
>
src/main/java/src
</
sourceDirectory
>
[*]
<
testSourceDirectory
>
src/test
</
testSourceDirectory
>
[*]
<
plugins
>
[*]
<
plugin
>
[*]
<
groupId
>
org.apache.maven.plugins
</
groupId
>
[*]
<
artifactId
>
maven-compiler-plugin
</
artifactId
>
[*]
<
version
>
2.0.2
</
version
>
[*]
<
configuration
>
[*]
<
source
>
1.6
</
source
>
[*]
<
target
>
1.6
</
target
>
[*]
<
encoding
>
utf-8
</
encoding
>
[*]
</
configuration
>
[*]
</
plugin
>
[*]
<
plugin
>
[*]
<
groupId
>
org.apache.maven.plugins
</
groupId
>
[*]
<
artifactId
>
maven-resources-plugin
</
artifactId
>
[*]
<
configuration
>
[*]
<
encoding
>
UTF-8
</
encoding
>
[*]
</
configuration
>
[*]
</
plugin
>
[*]
<
plugin
>
[*]
<
groupId
>
org.mortbay.jetty
</
groupId
>
[*]
<
artifactId
>
jetty-maven-plugin
</
artifactId
>
[*]
<
version
>
7.1.6.v20100715
</
version
>
[*]
<
configuration
>
[*]
<
stopKey
>
stop
</
stopKey
>
[*]
<
stopPort
>
5599
</
stopPort
>
[*]
<
webAppConfig
>
[*]
<
contextPath
>
/
</
contextPath
>
[*]
<
defaultsDescriptor
>
src/main/resources/webdefault.xml
</
defaultsDescriptor
>
[*]
</
webAppConfig
>
[*]
<
scanIntervalSeconds
>
0
</
scanIntervalSeconds
>
[*]
<
connectors
>
[*]
<
connector
implementation
=
"org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector"
>
[*]
<
port
>
80
</
port
>
[*]
<
maxIdleTime
>
60000
</
maxIdleTime
>
[*]
</
connector
>
[*]
</
connectors
>
[*]
</
configuration
>
[*]
</
plugin
>
[*]
<
plugin
>
[*]
<
groupId
>
org.apache.maven.plugins
</
groupId
>
[*]
<
artifactId
>
maven-eclipse-plugin
</
artifactId
>
[*]
<
version
>
2.7
</
version
>
[*]
<
configuration
>
[*]
<
addVersionToProjectName
>
false
</
addVersionToProjectName
>
[*]
<
useProjectReferences
>
false
</
useProjectReferences
>
[*]
<
encoding
>
UTF-8
</
encoding
>
[*]
<
wtpmanifest
>
false
</
wtpmanifest
>
[*]
<
wtpapplicationxml
>
true
</
wtpapplicationxml
>
[*]
<
wtpversion
>
1.5
</
wtpversion
>
[*]
<
additionalBuildcommands
>
[*]
<
buildcommand
>
org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder
</
buildcommand
>
[*]
<
buildcommand
>
org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.builder
</
buildcommand
>
[*]
<
buildcommand
>
org.eclipse.wst.validation.validationbuilder
</
buildcommand
>
[*]
</
additionalBuildcommands
>
[*]
[*]
<
additionalProjectnatures
>
[*]
<
nature
>
org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature
</
nature
>
[*]
<
nature
>
org.maven.ide.eclipse.maven2Nature
</
nature
>
[*]
<
nature
>
org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.nature
</
nature
>
[*]
<
nature
>
org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature
</
nature
>
[*]
<
nature
>
org.eclipse.wst.common.modulecore.ModuleCoreNature
</
nature
>
[*]
</
additionalProjectnatures
>
[*]
<
classpathContainers
>
[*]
<
classpathContainer
>
org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER
</
classpathContainer
>
[*]
</
classpathContainers
>
[*]
</
configuration
>
[*]
</
plugin
>
[*]
<
plugin
>
[*]
<
groupId
>
org.apache.maven.plugins
</
groupId
>
[*]
<
artifactId
>
maven-war-plugin
</
artifactId
>
[*]
<
version
>
2.1-beta-1
</
version
>
[*]
<
configuration
>
[*]
<
warName
>
webapp
</
warName
>
[*]
</
configuration
>
[*]
</
plugin
>
[*]
</
plugins
>
[*]
</
build
>
<build>
<finalName>webapp</finalName>
<sourceDirectory>src/main/java/src</sourceDirectory>
<testSourceDirectory>src/test</testSourceDirectory>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>7.1.6.v20100715</version>
<configuration>
<stopKey>stop</stopKey>
<stopPort>5599</stopPort>
<webAppConfig>
<contextPath>/</contextPath>
<defaultsDescriptor>src/main/resources/webdefault.xml</defaultsDescriptor>
</webAppConfig>
<scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>
<connectors>
<connector implementation="org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
<port>80</port>
<maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>
</connector>
</connectors>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
<configuration>
<addVersionToProjectName>false</addVersionToProjectName>
<useProjectReferences>false</useProjectReferences>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<wtpmanifest>false</wtpmanifest>
<wtpapplicationxml>true</wtpapplicationxml>
<wtpversion>1.5</wtpversion>
<additionalBuildcommands>
<buildcommand>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</buildcommand>
<buildcommand>org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.builder</buildcommand>
<buildcommand>org.eclipse.wst.validation.validationbuilder</buildcommand>
</additionalBuildcommands>
<additionalProjectnatures>
<nature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</nature>
<nature>org.maven.ide.eclipse.maven2Nature</nature>
<nature>org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.nature</nature>
<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
<nature>org.eclipse.wst.common.modulecore.ModuleCoreNature</nature>
</additionalProjectnatures>
<classpathContainers>
<classpathContainer>org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER</classpathContainer>
</classpathContainers>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1-beta-1</version>
<configuration>
<warName>webapp</warName>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
此时，更新一下Maven依赖，它们就都自动下载到本地了，到这个过程结束，我们就可以在Eclipse中配置Debug运行了。配置很简单，如下。
这是Debug模式运行，Run模式下是一样的，用Debug模式可以在Eclipse中断点运行程序，非常便于调试。下面我们就让它跑起来吧。运行命令
是jetty:run，Base
directory配置是：${workspace_loc:/应用名}，启动调试，看到如下信息，Jetty就成功启动了。
这里我们使用了80端口，配置方式在pom.xml中，上面的代码已经体现了。在浏览器中访问地址如下：http://localhost/helloworld，之后，我们就看到了效果。
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