python连接数据库
Python中定义了访问数据库的标准,Python Database API Specification v2.0http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/
DBApi中定义python访问数据库模块的API,是module实现者需要参考实现的；还定义了扩展API.
1. Module Interface
[*]connect(parameters...) 连接数据库
[*]apilevel API级别，字符串'1.0'或'2.0'表示
[*]threadsafety 线程安全级别，0,1,2,3
[*]paramstyle 绑定参数形式，qmark，numeric，named，format，pyformat
根据异常发生的不同层次，如下异常树：
StandardError
|__Warning
|__Error
|__InterfaceError
|__DatabaseError
|__DataError
|__OperationalError
|__IntegrityError
|__InternalError
|__ProgrammingError
|__NotSupportedError
2. Connection Objects
[*].close()
[*].commit()
[*].rollback()
[*].cursor()
3. Cursor Objects
[*].description
[*].rowcount
[*].callproc(procname[,parameters])
[*].close()
[*].execute(operation[,parameters])
[*] .executemany(operation,seq_of_parameters)
[*].fetchone()
[*].fetchmany()
[*].fetchall()
[*].nextset()
[*].arraysize
[*].setinputsizes(sizes)
[*].setoutputsize(size[,column])
4. Type Objects and Constructors
定义python与sql之间的类型转换.
[*]Date(year,month,day)
[*]Time(hour,minute,second)
[*]Timestamp(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)
[*]DateFromTicks(ticks)
[*]TimeFromTicks(ticks)
[*]TimestampFromTicks(ticks)
[*]Binary(string)
[*]STRING
[*]BINARY
[*]NUMBER
[*]DATETIME
[*]ROWID
Python访问Sqlite
Python标准库sqlite3用于python访问sqlite数据。
Sqlite: http://www.sqlite.org/
import sqlite3
import os, os.path
dbfile = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'db1.sqlite')
con = sqlite3.connect(dbfile)
cur = con.cursor()
#create table and insert one record
try:
cur.execute('''create table stocks(date text, trans text, symbol text,
qty real, price real)''')
except sqlite3.OperationalError:
print 'Table stocks exists,will not create it!'
cur.execute("""insert into stocks
values ('2006-01-05','BUY','RHAT',100,35.14)""")
cur.execute('insert into stocks values(?,?,?,?,?)',
('2010-02-25', 'SELL', 'RHAT', 120, 40.32))
con.commit()
#select record
cur.execute('select * from stocks order by price')
print cur.rowcount
print cur.fetchone()
for r in cur.fetchall():
print "", r
print cur.rowcount
con.close()
Oracle驱动： http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/
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