Python:程序最小化到托盘功能实现
本文讲解如何装python的开发的命令行程序最小化到托盘的方法，并提供菜单操作功能。上个月使用python实现了一个多功能抓图工具，见《Python:一个多功能的抓图工具开发（附源码）》，此程序为一个命令行程序，windows下运行时会弹出一个cmd窗口，里面什么内容也没有，用户使用时直接按下快捷键进行操作。一直想着优化一下，今天想到是否以通过最小化到托盘，并提供菜单操作和快捷键操作两种方式，这样看起来就有点软件的样子了。
Google了一下，发现了一个方法，具体内容见本文附录部分。
直接上实现后的代码：
1、screenshot.py （此模块提供截图的各种方法，被主程序screen_tray.py引用）
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=gb2312#此模块主要提供抓图功能，支持以下三种抓图方式：#1、抓取全屏,快捷键CTRL+F1#2、抓取当前窗口，快捷键CTRL+F2#3、抓取所选区域，快捷键CTRL+F3#抓到之后，会自动弹出保存对话框，选择路径保存即可#*******************************************#更新记录#0.1 2012-03-10 create by dyx1024#********************************************import pyhkimport wximport osimport sysfrom PIL import ImageGrabimport ctypesimport win32guiimport ctypes.wintypes import screen_traydef capture_fullscreen(SysTrayIcon):'''Function:全屏抓图Input：NONEOutput: NONEauthor: socratesblog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024date:2012-03-10'''#抓图 pic = ImageGrab.grab()#保存图片save_pic(pic)def capture_current_windows(SysTrayIcon):'''Function:抓取当前窗口Input：NONEOutput: NONEauthor: socratesblog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024date:2012-03-10''' #窗口结构 class RECT(ctypes.Structure):_fields_ = [('left', ctypes.c_long),('top', ctypes.c_long),('right', ctypes.c_long),('bottom', ctypes.c_long)]def __str__(self):return str((self.left, self.top, self.right, self.bottom))rect = RECT()#获取当前窗口句柄HWND = win32gui.GetForegroundWindow()#取当前窗口坐标ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowRect(HWND,ctypes.byref(rect))#调整坐标rangle = (rect.left+2,rect.top+2,rect.right-2,rect.bottom-2)#抓图pic = ImageGrab.grab(rangle)#保存save_pic(pic)def capture_choose_windows(SysTrayIcon):'''Function:抓取选择的区域，没有自己写这个，借用QQ抓图功能Input：NONEOutput: NONEauthor: socratesblog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024date:2012-03-10''' try:#加载QQ抓图使用的dlldll_handle = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('CameraDll.dll') except Exception:try:#如果dll加载失败，则换种方法使用，直接运行，如果还失败，退出os.system("Rundll32.exe CameraDll.dll, CameraSubArea")except Exception:return else:try:#加载dll成功，则调用抓图函数，注:没有分析清楚这个函数带的参数个数#及类型，所以此语句执行后会报参数缺少4个字节，但不影响抓图功能，所#以直接忽略了些异常dll_handle.CameraSubArea(0)except Exception:return def save_pic(pic, filename = '未命令图片.png'):'''Function:使用文件对框，保存图片Input：NONEOutput: NONEauthor: socratesblog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024date:2012-03-10''' app = wx.PySimpleApp()wildcard = "PNG(*.png)|*.png"dialog = wx.FileDialog(None, "Select a place", os.getcwd(),filename, wildcard, wx.SAVE)if dialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:pic.save(dialog.GetPath().encode('gb2312'))else:passdialog.Destroy() def screenshot_main():'''Function:主函数，注册快捷键Input：NONEOutput: NONEauthor: socratesblog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024date:2012-03-10''' #创建hotkey句柄 hot_handle = pyhk.pyhk()#注册抓取全屏快捷键CTRL+F1hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F1'], capture_fullscreen)#注册抓取当前窗口快捷键CTRL+F2hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F2'], capture_current_windows)#注册抓取所选区域快捷键CTRL+F3hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F3'], capture_choose_windows)#开始运行hot_handle.start() 2、screen_tray.py （此模块为主程序，提供托盘及菜单功能，在各菜单项中调用1中的各函数，最后再调用1中的注册快键键函数，来提供快捷键操作）
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=gb2312import osimport sysimport win32apiimport win32conimport win32gui_structimport screenshottry:import winxpgui as win32guiexcept ImportError:import win32guiclass SysTrayIcon(object):'''TODO'''QUIT = 'QUIT'SPECIAL_ACTIONS = FIRST_ID = 1023def __init__(self,icon,hover_text,menu_options,on_quit=None,default_menu_index=None,window_class_name=None,):self.icon = iconself.hover_text = hover_textself.on_quit = on_quitmenu_options = menu_options + (('退出', None, self.QUIT),)self._next_action_id = self.FIRST_IDself.menu_actions_by_id = set()self.menu_options = self._add_ids_to_menu_options(list(menu_options))self.menu_actions_by_id = dict(self.menu_actions_by_id)del self._next_action_idself.default_menu_index = (default_menu_index or 0)self.window_class_name = window_class_name or "SysTrayIconPy"message_map = {win32gui.RegisterWindowMessage("TaskbarCreated"): self.restart,win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.destroy,win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.command,win32con.WM_USER+20 : self.notify,}# Register the Window class.window_class = win32gui.WNDCLASS()hinst = window_class.hInstance = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)window_class.lpszClassName = self.window_class_namewindow_class.style = win32con.CS_VREDRAW | win32con.CS_HREDRAW;window_class.hCursor = win32gui.LoadCursor(0, win32con.IDC_ARROW)window_class.hbrBackground = win32con.COLOR_WINDOWwindow_class.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.classAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(window_class)# Create the Window.style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENUself.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(classAtom,self.window_class_name,style,0,0,win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,0,0,hinst,None)win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)self.notify_id = Noneself.refresh_icon()win32gui.PumpMessages()def _add_ids_to_menu_options(self, menu_options):result = []for menu_option in menu_options:option_text, option_icon, option_action = menu_optionif callable(option_action) or option_action in self.SPECIAL_ACTIONS:self.menu_actions_by_id.add((self._next_action_id, option_action))result.append(menu_option + (self._next_action_id,))elif non_string_iterable(option_action):result.append((option_text,option_icon,self._add_ids_to_menu_options(option_action),self._next_action_id))else:print 'Unknown item', option_text, option_icon, option_actionself._next_action_id += 1return resultdef refresh_icon(self):# Try and find a custom iconhinst = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)if os.path.isfile(self.icon):icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZEhicon = win32gui.LoadImage(hinst,self.icon,win32con.IMAGE_ICON,0,0,icon_flags)else:print "Can't find icon file - using default."hicon = win32gui.LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)if self.notify_id: message = win32gui.NIM_MODIFYelse: message = win32gui.NIM_ADDself.notify_id = (self.hwnd,0,win32gui.NIF_ICON | win32gui.NIF_MESSAGE | win32gui.NIF_TIP,win32con.WM_USER+20,hicon,self.hover_text)win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(message, self.notify_id)def restart(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):self.refresh_icon()def destroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):if self.on_quit: self.on_quit(self)nid = (self.hwnd, 0)win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(win32gui.NIM_DELETE, nid)win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.def notify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):if lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:self.execute_menu_option(self.default_menu_index + self.FIRST_ID)elif lparam==win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:self.show_menu()elif lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP:passreturn Truedef show_menu(self):menu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()self.create_menu(menu, self.menu_options)#win32gui.SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)pos = win32gui.GetCursorPos()# See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/menus_0hdi.aspwin32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)win32gui.TrackPopupMenu(menu,win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN,pos,pos,0,self.hwnd,None)win32gui.PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)def create_menu(self, menu, menu_options):for option_text, option_icon, option_action, option_id in menu_options[::-1]:if option_icon:option_icon = self.prep_menu_icon(option_icon)if option_id in self.menu_actions_by_id: item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,hbmpItem=option_icon,wID=option_id)win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)else:submenu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()self.create_menu(submenu, option_action)item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,hbmpItem=option_icon,hSubMenu=submenu)win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)def prep_menu_icon(self, icon):# First load the icon.ico_x = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)ico_y = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(0, icon, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, ico_x, ico_y, win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE)hdcBitmap = win32gui.CreateCompatibleDC(0)hdcScreen = win32gui.GetDC(0)hbm = win32gui.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)hbmOld = win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)# Fill the background.brush = win32gui.GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)win32gui.FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)# unclear if brush needs to be feed.Best clue I can find is:# "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new# one." - implies no DeleteObject# draw the iconwin32gui.DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)win32gui.DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)return hbmdef command(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):id = win32gui.LOWORD(wparam)self.execute_menu_option(id)def execute_menu_option(self, id):menu_action = self.menu_actions_by_id if menu_action == self.QUIT:win32gui.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)else:menu_action(self)def non_string_iterable(obj):try:iter(obj)except TypeError:return Falseelse:return not isinstance(obj, basestring)# Minimal self test. You'll need a bunch of ICO files in the current working# directory in order for this to work...if __name__ == '__main__':import itertools, globicons = 'screenshot_tray.ico'hover_text = "多功能抓图工具"menu_options = (('抓取全屏', icons, screenshot.capture_fullscreen),('抓取当前窗口', icons, screenshot.capture_current_windows),('抓取所选区域', icons, screenshot.capture_choose_windows))def bye(sysTrayIcon): print '退出'SysTrayIcon(icons, hover_text, menu_options, on_quit=bye)#提供快捷键操作screenshot.screenshot_main()3、执行screen_tray.py，托盘出现菜单项，各功能运行正常，快捷键功能正常，如下图。
4、附：
本文所使用托盘模块下载地址：http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/archives/SysTrayIcon.py.html
附内容：
#!/usr/bin/env python# Module : SysTrayIcon.py# Synopsis : Windows System tray icon.# Programmer : Simon Brunning - simon@brunningonline.net# Date : 11 April 2005# Notes : Based on (i.e. ripped off from) Mark Hammond's# win32gui_taskbar.py and win32gui_menu.py demos from PyWin32'''TODOFor now, the demo at the bottom shows how to use it...'''import osimport sysimport win32apiimport win32conimport win32gui_structtry:import winxpgui as win32guiexcept ImportError:import win32guiclass SysTrayIcon(object):'''TODO'''QUIT = 'QUIT'SPECIAL_ACTIONS = FIRST_ID = 1023def __init__(self,icon,hover_text,menu_options,on_quit=None,default_menu_index=None,window_class_name=None,):self.icon = iconself.hover_text = hover_textself.on_quit = on_quitmenu_options = menu_options + (('Quit', None, self.QUIT),)self._next_action_id = self.FIRST_IDself.menu_actions_by_id = set()self.menu_options = self._add_ids_to_menu_options(list(menu_options))self.menu_actions_by_id = dict(self.menu_actions_by_id)del self._next_action_idself.default_menu_index = (default_menu_index or 0)self.window_class_name = window_class_name or "SysTrayIconPy"message_map = {win32gui.RegisterWindowMessage("TaskbarCreated"): self.restart,win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.destroy,win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.command,win32con.WM_USER+20 : self.notify,}# Register the Window class.window_class = win32gui.WNDCLASS()hinst = window_class.hInstance = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)window_class.lpszClassName = self.window_class_namewindow_class.style = win32con.CS_VREDRAW | win32con.CS_HREDRAW;window_class.hCursor = win32gui.LoadCursor(0, win32con.IDC_ARROW)window_class.hbrBackground = win32con.COLOR_WINDOWwindow_class.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.classAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(window_class)# Create the Window.style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENUself.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(classAtom,self.window_class_name,style,0,0,win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,0,0,hinst,None)win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)self.notify_id = Noneself.refresh_icon()win32gui.PumpMessages()def _add_ids_to_menu_options(self, menu_options):result = []for menu_option in menu_options:option_text, option_icon, option_action = menu_optionif callable(option_action) or option_action in self.SPECIAL_ACTIONS:self.menu_actions_by_id.add((self._next_action_id, option_action))result.append(menu_option + (self._next_action_id,))elif non_string_iterable(option_action):result.append((option_text,option_icon,self._add_ids_to_menu_options(option_action),self._next_action_id))else:print 'Unknown item', option_text, option_icon, option_actionself._next_action_id += 1return resultdef refresh_icon(self):# Try and find a custom iconhinst = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)if os.path.isfile(self.icon):icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZEhicon = win32gui.LoadImage(hinst,self.icon,win32con.IMAGE_ICON,0,0,icon_flags)else:print "Can't find icon file - using default."hicon = win32gui.LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)if self.notify_id: message = win32gui.NIM_MODIFYelse: message = win32gui.NIM_ADDself.notify_id = (self.hwnd,0,win32gui.NIF_ICON | win32gui.NIF_MESSAGE | win32gui.NIF_TIP,win32con.WM_USER+20,hicon,self.hover_text)win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(message, self.notify_id)def restart(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):self.refresh_icon()def destroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):if self.on_quit: self.on_quit(self)nid = (self.hwnd, 0)win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(win32gui.NIM_DELETE, nid)win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.def notify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):if lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:self.execute_menu_option(self.default_menu_index + self.FIRST_ID)elif lparam==win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:self.show_menu()elif lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP:passreturn Truedef show_menu(self):menu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()self.create_menu(menu, self.menu_options)#win32gui.SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)pos = win32gui.GetCursorPos()# See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/menus_0hdi.aspwin32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)win32gui.TrackPopupMenu(menu,win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN,pos,pos,0,self.hwnd,None)win32gui.PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)def create_menu(self, menu, menu_options):for option_text, option_icon, option_action, option_id in menu_options[::-1]:if option_icon:option_icon = self.prep_menu_icon(option_icon)if option_id in self.menu_actions_by_id: item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,hbmpItem=option_icon,wID=option_id)win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)else:submenu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()self.create_menu(submenu, option_action)item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,hbmpItem=option_icon,hSubMenu=submenu)win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)def prep_menu_icon(self, icon):# First load the icon.ico_x = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)ico_y = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(0, icon, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, ico_x, ico_y, win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE)hdcBitmap = win32gui.CreateCompatibleDC(0)hdcScreen = win32gui.GetDC(0)hbm = win32gui.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)hbmOld = win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)# Fill the background.brush = win32gui.GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)win32gui.FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)# unclear if brush needs to be feed.Best clue I can find is:# "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new# one." - implies no DeleteObject# draw the iconwin32gui.DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)win32gui.DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)return hbmdef command(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):id = win32gui.LOWORD(wparam)self.execute_menu_option(id)def execute_menu_option(self, id):menu_action = self.menu_actions_by_id if menu_action == self.QUIT:win32gui.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)else:menu_action(self)def non_string_iterable(obj):try:iter(obj)except TypeError:return Falseelse:return not isinstance(obj, basestring)# Minimal self test. You'll need a bunch of ICO files in the current working# directory in order for this to work...if __name__ == '__main__':import itertools, globicons = itertools.cycle(glob.glob('*.ico'))hover_text = "SysTrayIcon.py Demo"def hello(sysTrayIcon): print "Hello World."def simon(sysTrayIcon): print "Hello Simon."def switch_icon(sysTrayIcon):sysTrayIcon.icon = icons.next()sysTrayIcon.refresh_icon()menu_options = (('Say Hello', icons.next(), hello),('Switch Icon', None, switch_icon),('A sub-menu', icons.next(), (('Say Hello to Simon', icons.next(), simon),('Switch Icon', icons.next(), switch_icon),)))def bye(sysTrayIcon): print 'Bye, then.'SysTrayIcon(icons.next(), hover_text, menu_options, on_quit=bye, default_menu_index=1)
页:
[1]