mac homebrew的用法
与 MacPorts 类似，OS X 下还有款包管理工具为 Homebrew，安装方法也很简单。ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/go/install)"
好了，安装完毕，Homebrew 的使用方法也很简单。
基本用法
[*]brew search formula # 搜索软件包
[*]brew install formula # 安装软件包
[*]brew remove formula # 移除软件包
[*]brew cleanup formula # 清除旧包
[*]brew list # 列出已安装的软件包
[*]brew update # 更新 Homebrew
[*]brew upgrade # 升级软件包
[*]brew home formula # 用浏览器打开
[*]brew info formula # 显示软件内容信息
[*]brew deps formula # 显示包的依赖
[*]brew server # 启动 web 服务器，可以通过浏览器访问 http://localhost:4567 来通过网页来管理包
[*]brew -h # 帮助
[*]brew versions formula # 列出软件包的版本
具体的用法可以 man brew。
brew search formula
这里主要说下，brew search formula 时有时会出现
Error: GitHub API rate limit exceeded for ip. See http://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting for details. You may want to create an API token: http://github.com/settings/applications and then set HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN.
提示已经很明确了，按照说明照做，注册个 github 账号，打开页面 http://github.com/settings/applications. 点击 Create new token，填入 Token descrption 后，点击 Create Token
在家目录的 ~/.bash_profile 中添加如下你申请到的 token
if [ -f /usr/local/bin/brew ]; then
export HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN=xxxxxxxxxx
fi
最后再 . ~/.bash_profile 更新下你的环境变量。
多版本共存
另外一个，安装不同版本的 formula 的技巧，比方要安装不同版本的 htop
$ brew versions htop # 显示 htop 的历史版本
Warning: brew-versions is unsupported and may be removed soon.
Please use the homebrew-versions tap instead:
https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-versions
0.8.2.2git checkout 43b7f5b Library/Formula/htop-osx.rb
0.8.2.1git checkout 8e24412 Library/Formula/htop-osx.rb
2012-0 git checkout 174acd6 Library/Formula/htop-osx.rb
0.8.2.1-2012-04-18 git checkout 258c649 Library/Formula/htop-osx.rb
$ cd /usr/local
$ git checkout -b htop0.8.2.1 8e24412 # checkout 出历史版本
Switched to a new branch 'htop0.8.2.1'
^_^ /usr/local $ git branch
* htop0.8.2.1
master
$ brew unlink htop
Unlinking /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.2... 4 links removed
^_^ /usr/local $ brew install htop # 安装旧版本
==> Installing htop-osx
==> Downloading https://github.com/max-horvath/htop-osx/archive/0.8.2.1-2013-03-31.tar.gz
^_^ /usr/local $ ls /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/
0.8.2.1 0.8.2
^_^ /usr/local $ htop --version
htop 0.8.2.1 - (C) 2004-2008 Hisham Muhammad.
Released under the GNU GPL.
^_^ /usr/local $ brew switch htop 0.8.2.2 # 切换 htop 版本
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.1
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.2
4 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.2
^_^ /usr/local $ htop --version
htop 0.8.2.2 - (C) 2004-2008 Hisham Muhammad.
Released under the GNU GPL.
^_^ /usr/local $ brew switch htop 0.8.2.1 # 删除某版本的话，先版本切换，再删除，最后版本切换回来
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.1
4 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.1
^_^ /usr/local $ brew remove htop
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/htop-osx/0.8.2.1...
其实就是 Homebrew 对 git 分支的灵活应用。
删除 formula 时删除依赖
$ brew remove formula
$ brew rm $(join <(brew leaves) <(brew deps formula))
Homebrew Cask
通过 homebrew cask 来安装 app，首先是安装
$ brew tap caskroom/cask && brew install brew-cask
默认 homebrew cask 安装 app 至 /opt/homebrew-cask/Caskroom 下，并链接到 ~/Applications 目录。
配置下，让 app 链接至 ~/My Applications 下
$ mkdir ~/My\ Applications
$ touch ~/My\ Applications/.localized
$ echo 'export HOMEBREW_CASK_OPTS="--appdir=~/My\ Applications"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile
然后随便安装了
$ brew cask search firefox
$ brew cask install firefox
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