corosync+pacemaker+crmsh的高可用web集群的实现
网络规划：node1：eth0：172.16.31.10/16
node2: eth0: 172.16.31.11/16
nfs: eth0: 172.16.31.12/15
注：
nfs在提供NFS服务的同时是一台NTP服务器，可以让node1和node2同步时间的。
node1和node2之间心跳信息传递依靠eth0传递
web服务器的VIP是172.16.31.166/16
架构图：跟前文的架构一样，只是节点上安装的高可用软件不一致：
一.高可用集群构建的前提条件
1.主机名互相解析，实现主机名通信
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# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.31.10 node1.stu31.com node1
172.16.31.11 node2.stu31.com node2
复制一份到node2：
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# scp /etc/hosts root@172.16.31.11:/etc/hosts
2.节点直接实现ssh无密钥通信
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节点1：
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2
节点2：
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1
测试：
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# date ; ssh node1 'date'
Fri Jan2 05:46:54 CST 2015
Fri Jan2 05:46:54 CST 2015
时间同步成功！注意时间必须一致！
二.集群软件安装及配置
1.安装corosync和pacemaker软件包:节点1和节点2都安装
# yum install corosync pacemaker -y
2.创建配置文件并配置
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# cd /etc/corosync/
# cp corosync.conf.example corosync.conf
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# cat corosync.conf
# Please read the corosync.conf.5 manual page
compatibility: whitetank
totem {
version: 2
# secauth: Enable mutual node authentication. If you choose to
# enable this ("on"), then do remember to create a shared
# secret with "corosync-keygen".
#开启认证
secauth: on
threads: 0
# interface: define at least one interface to communicate
# over. If you define more than one interface stanza, you must
# also set rrp_mode.
interface {
# Rings must be consecutively numbered, starting at 0.
ringnumber: 0
# This is normally the *network* address of the
# interface to bind to. This ensures that you can use
# identical instances of this configuration file
# across all your cluster nodes, without having to
# modify this option.
#定义网络地址
bindnetaddr: 172.16.31.0
# However, if you have multiple physical network
# interfaces configured for the same subnet, then the
# network address alone is not sufficient to identify
# the interface Corosync should bind to. In that case,
# configure the *host* address of the interface
# instead:
# bindnetaddr: 192.168.1.1
# When selecting a multicast address, consider RFC
# 2365 (which, among other things, specifies that
# 239.255.x.x addresses are left to the discretion of
# the network administrator). Do not reuse multicast
# addresses across multiple Corosync clusters sharing
# the same network.
#定义组播地址
mcastaddr: 239.31.131.12
# Corosync uses the port you specify here for UDP
# messaging, and also the immediately preceding
# port. Thus if you set this to 5405, Corosync sends
# messages over UDP ports 5405 and 5404.
#信息传递端口
mcastport: 5405
# Time-to-live for cluster communication packets. The
# number of hops (routers) that this ring will allow
# itself to pass. Note that multicast routing must be
# specifically enabled on most network routers.
ttl: 1
}
}
logging {
# Log the source file and line where messages are being
# generated. When in doubt, leave off. Potentially useful for
# debugging.
fileline: off
# Log to standard error. When in doubt, set to no. Useful when
# running in the foreground (when invoking "corosync -f")
to_stderr: no
# Log to a log file. When set to "no", the "logfile" option
# must not be set.
#定义日志记录存放
to_logfile: yes
logfile: /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
# Log to the system log daemon. When in doubt, set to yes.
#to_syslog: yes
# Log debug messages (very verbose). When in doubt, leave off.
debug: off
# Log messages with time stamps. When in doubt, set to on
# (unless you are only logging to syslog, where double
# timestamps can be annoying).
timestamp: on
logger_subsys {
subsys: AMF
debug: off
}
}
#以插件方式启动pacemaker：
service {
ver: 0
name: pacemaker
}
3.生成认证密钥文件：认证密钥文件需要1024字节，我们可以下载程序包来实现写满内存的熵池实现，
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# corosync-keygen
Corosync Cluster Engine Authentication key generator.
Gathering 1024 bits for key from /dev/random.
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy.
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 152).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 216).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 280).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 344).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 408).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 472).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 536).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 600).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 664).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 728).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 792).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 856).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 920).
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 984).
Writing corosync key to /etc/corosync/authkey.
完成后将配置文件及认证密钥复制一份到节点2：
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# scp -p authkey corosync.conf node2:/etc/corosync/
authkey 100%128 0.1KB/s 00:00
corosync.conf 100% 2703 2.6KB/s 00:00
4.启动corosync服务：
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# cd
# service corosync start
Starting Corosync Cluster Engine (corosync):
# service corosync start
Starting Corosync Cluster Engine (corosync):
5.查看日志：
查看corosync引擎是否正常启动：
节点1的启动日志：
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# grep -e "Corosync Cluster Engine" -e "configuration file" /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
Jan 02 08:28:13 corosync Corosync Cluster Engine ('1.4.7'): started and ready to provide service.
Jan 02 08:28:13 corosync Successfully read main configuration file '/etc/corosync/corosync.conf'.
Jan 02 08:32:48 corosync Corosync Cluster Engine exiting with status 0 at main.c:2055.
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync Corosync Cluster Engine ('1.4.7'): started and ready to provide service.
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync Successfully read main configuration file '/etc/corosync/corosync.conf'.
节点2的启动日志：
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# grep -e "Corosync Cluster Engine" -e "configuration file" /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
Jan 02 08:38:56 corosync Corosync Cluster Engine ('1.4.7'): started and ready to provide service.
Jan 02 08:38:56 corosync Successfully read main configuration file '/etc/corosync/corosync.conf'.
查看关键字TOTEM，初始化成员节点通知是否发出:
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# grep "TOTEM" /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
Jan 02 08:28:13 corosync Initializing transport (UDP/IP Multicast).
Jan 02 08:28:13 corosync Initializing transmit/receive security: libtomcrypt SOBER128/SHA1HMAC (mode 0).
Jan 02 08:28:14 corosync The network interface is now up.
Jan 02 08:28:14 corosync A processor joined or left the membership and a new membership was formed.
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync Initializing transport (UDP/IP Multicast).
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync Initializing transmit/receive security: libtomcrypt SOBER128/SHA1HMAC (mode 0).
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync The network interface is now up.
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync A processor joined or left the membership and a new membership was formed.
Jan 02 08:38:51 corosync A processor joined or left the membership and a new membership was formed.
使用crm_mon命令查看节点在线数量：
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# crm_mon
Last updated: Fri Jan2 08:42:23 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 08:38:52 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
0 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
查看监听端口5405是否开启：
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# ss -tunl |grep 5405
udp UNCONN 0 0 172.16.31.10:5405 *:*
udp UNCONN 0 0 239.31.131.12:5405 *:*
查看错误日志：
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# grep ERROR /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
#警告信息：将pacemaker以插件运行的告警，忽略即可
Jan 02 08:28:14 corosync ERROR: process_ais_conf: You have configured a cluster using the Pacemaker plugin for Corosync. The plugin is not supported in this environment and will be removed very soon.
Jan 02 08:28:14 corosync ERROR: process_ais_conf:Please see Chapter 8 of 'Clusters from Scratch' (http://www.clusterlabs.org/doc) for details on using Pacemaker with CMAN
Jan 02 08:28:37 node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message: Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing.Please run "crm_verify -L" to identify issues.
Jan 02 08:28:37 node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message: Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing.Please run "crm_verify -L" to identify issues.
Jan 02 08:32:47 node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message: Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing.Please run "crm_verify -L" to identify issues.
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync ERROR: process_ais_conf: You have configured a cluster using the Pacemaker plugin for Corosync. The plugin is not supported in this environment and will be removed very soon.
Jan 02 08:38:42 corosync ERROR: process_ais_conf:Please see Chapter 8 of 'Clusters from Scratch' (http://www.clusterlabs.org/doc) for details on using Pacemaker with CMAN
Jan 02 08:39:05 node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message: Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing.Please run "crm_verify -L" to identify issues.
Jan 02 08:39:05 node1.stu31.com pengine: notice: process_pe_message: Configuration ERRORs found during PE processing.Please run "crm_verify -L" to identify issues.
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# crm_verify -L -V
#无stonith设备，可以忽略
error: unpack_resources: Resource start-up disabled since no STONITH resources have been defined
error: unpack_resources: Either configure some or disable STONITH with the stonith-enabled option
error: unpack_resources: NOTE: Clusters with shared data need STONITH to ensure data integrity
Errors found during check: config not valid
三.集群配置工具安装：crmsh软件安装
1.配置yum源：我这里存在一个完整的yum源服务器
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# vim centos6.6.repo
name=CentOS $releasever $basearch on local server 172.16.0.1
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.6-$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
name=CentOS $releasever $basearch extras
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
name=Fedora EPEL for CentOS$releasever $basearch on local server 172.16.0.1
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/fedora-epel/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
name=corosync2
baseurl=ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/Sources/6.x86_64/corosync/
gpgcheck=0
复制一份到节点2：
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# scp centos6.6.repo node2:/etc/yum.repos.d/
centos6.6.repo 100%522 0.5KB/s 00:00
2.安装crmsh软件，2各节点都安装
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# yum install -y crmsh
# yum install -y crmsh
3.去除上面的stonith设备警告错误：
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# crm
crm(live)# configure
crm(live)configure# property stonith-enabled=false
crm(live)configure# verify
#单节点需要仲裁，或者忽略(会造成集群分裂）
crm(live)configure# property no-quorum-policy=ignore
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# show
node node1.stu31.com
node node2.stu31.com
property cib-bootstrap-options:
dc-version=1.1.11-97629de
cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)"
expected-quorum-votes=2
stonith-enabled=false
no-quorum-policy=ignore
无错误信息输出了：
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# crm_verify -L -V
#
四.实现使用corosync+pacemaker+crmsh来构建一个高可用性的web集群：
1.httpd服务的完整性测试
测试页构建：
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# echo "node1.stu31.com" > /var/www/html/index.html
# echo "node2.stu31.com" > /var/www/html/index.html
启动httpd服务，完成测试：
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node1节点：
# service httpd start
Starting httpd:
# curl http://172.16.31.10
node1.stu31.com
node2节点：
# service httpd start
Starting httpd:
# curl http://172.16.31.11
node2.stu31.com
关闭httpd服务，关闭httpd服务自启动：
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node1设置：
# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:
# chkconfig httpd off
node2设置：
# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:
# chkconfig httpd off
2.定义集群VIP地址
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# crm
crm(live)# configure
crm(live)configure# primitive webip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr params ip='172.16.31.166' nic='eth0' cidr_netmask='16' broadcast='172.16.31.255'
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# commit
可以查看node1上的ip地址：
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# ip addr show
1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:
mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:16:bc:4a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.31.10/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 172.16.31.166/16 brd 172.16.31.255 scope global secondary eth0
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe16:bc4a/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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切换节点node1为备用节点：
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# node
#将节点1设置为备用节点
crm(live)node# standby
#将备用节点启动
crm(live)node# online
crm(live)node# cd
#查看各节点状态信息
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Fri Jan2 11:11:47 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 11:11:38 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
1 Resources configured
#可以看出主备节点都启动了，但是资源是启动在node2上的
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
webip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node2.stu31.com
我们需要定义资源监控，需要编辑原来定义的webip资源：
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# crm
crm(live)# resource
#查看资源webip的状态信息
crm(live)resource# status webip
resource webip is running on: node2.stu31.com
#停止webip资源
crm(live)resource# stop webip
crm(live)resource# cd
crm(live)# configure
#删除资源webip
crm(live)configure# delete webip
#重新定义webip资源，定义资源监控
crm(live)configure# primitive webip IPaddr params ip=172.16.31.166 op monitor interval=10s timeout=20s
#配置校验
crm(live)configure# verify
#提交资源
crm(live)configure# commit
3.定义httpd服务资源及定义资源的约束配置：
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#定义httpd服务资源
crm(live)configure# primitive webserver lsb:httpd op monitor interval=30s timeout=15s
crm(live)configure# verify
#定义协同约束，httpd服务资源跟随VIP在节点启动
crm(live)configure# colocation webserver_with_webip inf: webserver webip
crm(live)configure# verify
#定义顺序约束，先启动webip资源，再启动webserver资源
crm(live)configure# order webip_before_webserver mandatory: webip webserver
crm(live)configure# verify
#定义位置约束，资源对节点的倾向性，更倾向于node1节点。
crm(live)configure# location webip_prefer_node1 webip rule 100: uname eq node1.stu31.com
crm(live)configure# verify
#完成设置后就提交
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
#查看集群资源启动状态信息
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Fri Jan2 11:27:16 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 11:27:07 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
2 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
webip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node1.stu31.com
webserver (lsb:httpd): Started node1.stu31.com
资源已经启动了，并且启动在node1节点上，我们来测试是否成功！
查看node1节点的VIP信息：
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# ip addr show
1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:
mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:16:bc:4a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.31.10/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 172.16.31.166/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global secondary eth0
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe16:bc4a/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看web服务器的监听端口是否启动：
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# ss -tunl |grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
到其他主机访问测试：
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# curl http://172.16.31.166
node1.stu31.com
我们将node1切换成备用节点：
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crm(live)# node standby
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Fri Jan2 11:30:13 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 11:30:11 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
2 Resources configured
Node node1.stu31.com: standby
Online: [ node2.stu31.com ]
webip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node2.stu31.com
webserver (lsb:httpd): Started node2.stu31.com
crm(live)#
访问测试：
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# curl http://172.16.31.166
node2.stu31.com
测试成功！
4.下面我们来测试定义资源对当前节点的粘性：
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# crm
crm(live)# configure
crm(live)configure# property default-resource-stickiness=100
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# node online
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Fri Jan2 11:33:07 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 11:33:05 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
2 Resources configured
Online: [ node1.stu31.com node2.stu31.com ]
webip(ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node2.stu31.com
webserver (lsb:httpd): Started node2.stu31.com
#上面我们定义位置约束时定义了资源的倾向性是node1，预想情况是我们这边node1上线后会自动抢占node2成为主节点，但是我们定义了资源对节点的粘性，所以我们的node1上线后未抢占node2，说明资源对节点的粘性是比资源对节点的倾向性更强的约束。
五.定义文件系统资源：
1.前提是存在一个共享的文件系统
配置NFS服务器
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# mkdir /www/htdocs -pv
# vim /etc/exports
/www/htdocs 172.16.31.0/16(rw,no_root_squash)
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# service nfs start
# showmount -e 172.16.31.12
Export list for 172.16.31.12:
/www/htdocs 172.16.31.0/16
创建一个测试网页：
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# echo "page from nfs filesystem" > /www/htdocs/index.html
2.客户端挂载nfs文件系统：
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# mount -t nfs 172.16.31.12:/www/htdocs /var/www/html/
# ls /var/www/html/
index.html
访问测试：
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# curl http://172.16.31.166
page from nfs filesystem
成功后卸载文件系统：
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# umount /var/www/html/
3.我们开始定义filesystem资源：
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# crm
crm(live)# configure
#定义文件系统存储资源
crm(live)configure# primitive webstore ocf:heartbeat:Filesystem params device="172.16.31.12:/www/htdocs" directory="/var/www/html" fstype="nfs" op monitor interva=20s timeout=40s
crm(live)configure# verify
#校验警告信息，提示我们的start和stop超时时间为设置
WARNING: webstore: default timeout 20s for start is smaller than the advised 60
WARNING: webstore: default timeout 20s for stop is smaller than the advised 60
#删除资源，重新设置
crm(live)configure# delete webstore
#加入start和stop的超时时长
crm(live)configure# primitive webstore ocf:heartbeat:Filesystem params device="172.16.31.12:/www/htdocs" directory="/var/www/html" fstype="nfs" op monitor interva=20s timeout=40s op start timeout=60s op stop timeout=60s
crm(live)configure# verify
#定义资源组，来定义web这个服务需要的所有资源进一个组内，便于管理
crm(live)configure# group webservice webip webstore webserver
INFO: resource references in location:webip_prefer_node1 updated
INFO: resource references in colocation:webserver_with_webip updated
INFO: resource references in order:webip_before_webserver updated
INFO: resource references in colocation:webserver_with_webip updated
INFO: resource references in order:webip_before_webserver updated
#定义完成后就提交，然后查看资源状态信息
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Fri Jan2 11:52:51 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 11:52:44 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
3 Resources configured
Node node2.stu31.com: standby
Online: [ node1.stu31.com ]
Resource Group: webservice
webip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node1.stu31.com
webstore (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node1.stu31.com
webserver(lsb:httpd): Started node1.stu31.com
#最后定义一下资源的启动顺序，先启动存储，在启动httpd服务：
crm(live)configure# order webstore_before_webserver mandatory: webstore webserver
crm(live)configure# verify
crm(live)configure# commit
crm(live)configure# cd
crm(live)# status
Last updated: Fri Jan2 11:55:00 2015
Last change: Fri Jan2 11:54:10 2015
Stack: classic openais (with plugin)
Current DC: node1.stu31.com - partition with quorum
Version: 1.1.11-97629de
2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes
3 Resources configured
Node node2.stu31.com: standby
Online: [ node1.stu31.com ]
Resource Group: webservice
webip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node1.stu31.com
webstore (ocf::heartbeat:Filesystem): Started node1.stu31.com
webserver(lsb:httpd): Started node1.stu31.com
crm(live)# quit
bye
访问测试：
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# curl http://172.16.31.166
page from nfs filesystem
访问测试成功！
自此，一个由corosync+pacemaker+crmsh构建的web高可用性集群就构建成功！
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