Git安装与配置
（一）Git概述Git是一款免费、开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。
Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统，可以有效、高速的处理从很小到非常大的项目版本管理。Git 是 Linus Torvalds 为了帮助管理 Linux 内核开发而开发的一个开放源码的版本控制软件。
Git 与常用的版本控制工具 CVS, Subversion 等不同，它采用了分布式版本库的方式，不必服务器端软件支持。
----------百度百科
Git 与 SVN 区别点：
[*]1、GIT是分布式的，SVN是集中式的：这是GIT和其它非分布式的版本控制系统，例如SVN，CVS等，最核心的区别。
[*]2、GIT把内容按元数据方式存储，而SVN是按文件：所有的资源控制系统都是把文件的元信息隐藏在一个类似.svn,.cvs等的文件夹里。
[*]3、GIT分支和SVN的分支不同：分支在SVN中一点不特别，就是版本库中的另外的一个目录。
[*]4、GIT没有一个全局的版本号，而SVN有：目前为止这是跟SVN相比GIT缺少的最大的一个特征。
[*]5、GIT的内容完整性要优于SVN：GIT的内容存储使用的是SHA-1哈希算法。这能确保代码内容的完整性，确保在遇到磁盘故障和网络问题时降低对版本库的破坏。
（二）Git安装
Git 的工作需要调用 curl，zlib，openssl，expat，libiconv 等库的代码，所以需要先安装这些依赖工具。在有 yum 的系统上（比如 Fedora）或者有 apt-get 的系统上（比如 Debian 体系），可以用下面的命令安装：
（1）Linux平台上安装（CentOS/Redhat）git服务端
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1.#######安装git所对应的编译包
# yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel \
> openssl-devel zlib-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Package expat-devel-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gettext-common-devel = 0.18.2.1-4.el7 for package: gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be installed
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.6 MB 00:00
--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-35.el7.centos for package: libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-25.el7.centos will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-25.el7.centos for package: curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64
---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-25.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
gettext-devel x86_64 0.18.2.1-4.el7 base 315 k
libcurl-devel x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 299 k
Installing for dependencies:
gettext-common-devel noarch 0.18.2.1-4.el7 base 368 k
Updating for dependencies:
curl x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 265 k
libcurl x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 218 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install2 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 1.4 M
Is this ok : y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/5): curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 265 kB 00:00
(2/5): gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 368 kB 00:00
(3/5): gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 315 kB 00:00
(4/5): libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 218 kB 00:00
(5/5): libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 299 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6.0 MB/s | 1.4 MB00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 1/7
Installing : gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch 2/7
Installing : gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 3/7
Updating : curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 4/7
Installing : libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 5/7
Cleanup : curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 6/7
Cleanup : libcurl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 7/7
Verifying: curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 1/7
Verifying: gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch 2/7
Verifying: libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 3/7
Verifying: gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 4/7
Verifying: libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 5/7
Verifying: libcurl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 6/7
Verifying: curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 7/7
Installed:
gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7
libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7
Dependency Updated:
curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos
Complete!
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2.##########通过yum进行安装
# yum -y install git-core
已加载插件：fastestmirror
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-4.el6_7.1 will be 升级
--> 处理依赖关系 git = 1.7.1-4.el6_7.1，它被软件包 perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 需要
---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be an update
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-4.el6_7.1 will be 升级
---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be an update
--> 完成依赖关系计算
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
================================================================================
正在升级:
git x86_64 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 4.6 M
为依赖而更新:
perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 29 k
事务概要
================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Package(s)
总下载量：4.6 M
下载软件包：
(1/2): git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:00
(2/2): perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch.rpm |29 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 889 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:05
运行 rpm_check_debug
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
正在升级 : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 1/4
正在升级 : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 2/4
清理 : perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 3/4
清理 : git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.x86_64 4/4
Verifying: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 1/4
Verifying: perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 2/4
Verifying: perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 3/4
Verifying: git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.x86_64 4/4
更新完毕:
git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9
作为依赖被升级:
perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9
完毕！
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3.########查看版本信息
# git --version
git version 1.8.3.1
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4.创建git用户，用来运行git服务
#useradd git -s /sbin/nologin -M
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5.创建客户端登录证书。一路回车即可，将生成的id_rsa.pub，复制给管理员，帮你在服务器上增加一下，下次你用git时就不需要输入用户名和密码了。
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
f3:bb:45:5c:83:21:70:06:f0:ab:87:2c:9e:11:2e:68 root@Monitor
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| ..oo+ . |
| . o . o |
| . . o|
| . . . . |
| . S o |
| . . o o o . |
|.E. + + . . . |
|.o + . o |
| o o. |
+-----------------+
# cat/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvPX0EADLEd7PkDB2KvGssNFswZ4ovLZkuNDAH+425EtrpKn6cPjceb+yajqAd6bpXtzpp1ZbAusizlN4JulXdOPO8cj5yEoCqjkWzD0f0do3eybC+NE/jBFqgViNi6DQtAEmkzhqsSw/YKOStO09r/D2egv4J8DDF09ZQN0dibU7prRHRLkppTxhypw8xm9B6znPWnl0e1Yn64A/lYy/EVp2H4SpMknZhfcD0qpUZyWyO1LecP1rbiBOeak5UVYFzH7iJ++7RULi2VVnq93FpyLvVNQTLwm0s4RiiKZdRKflk6DP9sHPjZROD1+iXepHnyTAEungWRnmyjuYXVySgw== root@Monitor
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAytLVeZyNACFK+/PjBXUvMHNJ7HiS/9bsTSIKQEhLRtMxOinexadnp/AlKQaUYEblIEi7FkXcCDTR18EefFu4wCptzMUs8W8kxw6u1TN0jx2Y+7Eo7MbH6MRuA9fehwgtiPdPbsMiu400LIq+zlZOvJY3E/QX3pvvAbbXhu61fraffFWSkGEyELOApacC0aJfnEBSYfcCa7flWGjvKhUCC1YJP/qn40X+l6sGJ/+ZTItETZ+r7IayQwpPpFMUt5hmIYgCE6V8eG/wN2VlBq24xnBk+wDVPwd5p++KwQT9xndcLQbecmBaqtdLF8OgMN0DngQatymP0jHZQHsxM3VmUw== root@Server5
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvPX0EADLEd7PkDB2KvGssNFswZ4ovLZkuNDAH+425EtrpKn6cPjceb+yajqAd6bpXtzpp1ZbAusizlN4JulXdOPO8cj5yEoCqjkWzD0f0do3eybC+NE/jBFqgViNi6DQtAEmkzhqsSw/YKOStO09r/D2egv4J8DDF09ZQN0dibU7prRHRLkppTxhypw8xm9B6znPWnl0e1Yn64A/lYy/EVp2H4SpMknZhfcD0qpUZyWyO1LecP1rbiBOeak5UVYFzH7iJ++7RULi2VVnq93FpyLvVNQTLwm0s4RiiKZdRKflk6DP9sHPjZROD1+iXepHnyTAEungWRnmyjuYXVySgw== root@Monitor
（2）安装windos平台的git客户端
1，下载客户端。下载地址如下：https://git-scm.com/downloads
2，windows安装比较简单基本上都是下一步下一步，见下图
（3）安装Linux平台的git客户端(https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/或者https://github.com/git/git/releases )
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# yum install git -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db |29 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Git = 1.7.1-9.el6_9 for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rsync for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Git) for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Error) for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be installed
---> Package rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-12.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
git x86_64 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 4.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
perl-Error noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 base 29 k
perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 29 k
rsync x86_64 3.0.6-12.el6 base 335 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 4 Package(s)
Total download size: 5.0 M
Installed size: 15 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:00
(2/4): perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch.rpm |29 kB 00:00
(3/4): perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch.rpm |29 kB 00:00
(4/4): rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64.rpm | 335 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 30 MB/s | 5.0 MB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 1/4
Installing : rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64 2/4
Installing : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 3/4
Installing : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 4/4
Verifying: rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64 1/4
Verifying: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 2/4
Verifying: perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 3/4
Verifying: 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 4/4
Installed:
git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9
Dependency Installed:
perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9
rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-12.el6
Complete!
# git --version
git version 1.7.1
#
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