进击的docker 二 ： docker 快速入门
1、安装docker1.1、安装环境
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
# uname -r
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
安装环境
1.2、安装docker
yum install docker -y
安装docker
1.3、查看安装结果
# rpm -qa docker
docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14.x86_64
# docker --version
Docker version 1.10.3, build cb079f6-unsupported
查看docker版本我们可以通过官方的yum源安装docker1.12，或在docker官网下载最新版本。
Docker官网：http://www.docker.com/
注：使用docker目前使用的越新越好，因为docker一直都在不足，每次更新都更加的完善。
2、启动docker
2.1、启动docker镜像
# systemctl start docker
启动docker
2.2、查看docker状态
# systemctlstatus docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-12-01 20:17:44 CST; 13s ago
Docs: http://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 7595 (docker-current)
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─7595 /usr/bin/docker-current daemon --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald
Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.379210415+08:00" level=warning msg="Docker could not enable SELinux on the host system"
Dec 01 20:17:41 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.528222902+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.01 seconds"
Dec 01 20:17:42 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:42.301945116+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: true"
Dec 01 20:17:43 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:43.809557691+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.1...IP address"
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395349153+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395640410+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395690801+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395765160+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=cb079f6-unsupported execdriver=native-0...sion=1.10.3
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker systemd: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Dec 01 20:17:44 docker docker-current: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.511453473+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
查看docker状态
2.3、关闭docker
systemctl stop docker
关闭docker
2.4、查看本地网络
ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1netmask 255.255.0.0broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 02:42:61:c2:8e:54txqueuelen 0(Ethernet)
RX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 0bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.129netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 10.0.0.255
ether 00:0c:29:1c:0e:08txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 182195bytes 17035479 (16.2 MiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 14495bytes 1810618 (1.7 MiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10<host>
looptxqueuelen 0(Local Loopback)
RX packets 4bytes 200 (200.0 B)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 4bytes 200 (200.0 B)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
ifconfig docker启动后，会生成一个docker:0的网卡（虚拟机也会生成）。
3、基础命令讲解
下面我将以docker的三大组件，分别讲解命令。
[*]镜像
[*]容器
[*]仓库
3.1、镜像
docker 运行容器前需要本地存在对应的镜像，如果镜像本地不存在，docker会从镜像仓库下载（默认从Docker Hub仓库下载）。
3.1.1、搜索
docker search [镜像名称]
例：查看dockerhub中nginx的镜像。
# docker search nginx
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 4755
docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 880
docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 315
docker.io docker.io/million12/nginx-php Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS... 76
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 63
docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx-php Framework container with nginx and PHP-FPM... 58
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 20
docker.io docker.io/evild/alpine-nginx Minimalistic Docker image with Nginx 8
docker.io docker.io/gists/nginx Nginx on Alpine 8
docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx Framework container with nginx installed. 7
docker.io docker.io/webdevops/nginx Nginx container 7
docker.io docker.io/1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te... 4
docker.io docker.io/drupaldocker/nginx NGINX for Drupal 3
docker.io docker.io/ixbox/nginx Nginx on Alpine Linux. 3
docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 2
docker.io docker.io/dock0/nginx Arch container running nginx 2
docker.io docker.io/frekele/nginx docker run --rm --name nginx -p 80:80 -p 4... 2
docker.io docker.io/servivum/nginx Nginx Docker Image with Useful Tools 2
docker.io docker.io/xataz/nginx Light nginx image 2
docker.io docker.io/yfix/nginx Yfix own build of the nginx-extras package 2
docker.io docker.io/radial/nginx Spoke container for Nginx, a high performa... 1
docker.io docker.io/tozd/nginx Dockerized nginx. 1
docker.io docker.io/c4tech/nginx Several nginx images for web applications. 0
docker.io docker.io/unblibraries/nginx Baseline non-PHP nginx container 0
docker.io docker.io/watsco/nginx nginx:1.11-alpine 0
查看仓库镜像
3.1.2、下载
docker pull [镜像名称]
例：下载docker.io/centos/redis
docker pulldocker.io/centos/redis
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/centos/redis ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/centos/redis
1d702521dae2: Downloading [=> ] 118.7 kB/5.587 MB
0de01b15a36f: Download complete
66479f7f733c: Download complete
c7e83aba718a: Download complete
dda623482619: Download complete
dda623482619: Pulling fs layer
下载镜像
3.1.3 导出镜像
docker save -o [镜像包名] [镜像名称]
例：导出centos基础镜像为centos.tar
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB
<none> <none> 6ab373e100c9 5 days ago 181.4 MB
oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB
# docker save -o centos.tar docker.io/centos
# ll -h centos.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 195M Dec1 20:54 centos.tar
导出镜像
3.1.4、导入镜像
docker load --input [镜像包名]
docker load <[镜像包名]
3.1.5 查看已有镜像
docker images
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB
oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB
查看已有镜像 在列出的信息中，可以看到几个字段的信息
[*]来自于那个仓库（REPOSITORY）
[*]镜像标记（TAG）
[*]它的ID号（唯一）
[*]创建时间
[*]镜像大小
3.1.6删除镜像
docker rni [镜像id]
例：删除一个镜像
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB
<none> <none> 6ab373e100c9 5 days ago 181.4 MB
oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB
daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images
# docker rmi 6ab373e100c9
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
oldboy/nginx1 latest c436de4b837a 5 days ago 401.1 MB
oldboy/nginx v1 99695fe97fb5 5 days ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 05a60462f8ba 3 weeks ago 181.4 MB
docker.io/centos latest 0584b3d2cf6d 4 weeks ago 196.5 MB
删除镜像 注：不能删除已有容器的镜像
例：删除一个已有容器的镜像
# docker rmi 0584b3d2cf6d
Failed to remove image (0584b3d2cf6d): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images
错误 例：移除本地所有未打过标签的本地镜像
docker images可以列出本地所有的镜像，其中可能包含很多中间状态的来打过标签的镜像，大量占据着磁盘空间。
使用下面命令可以清理所有未打过标签的本地镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -q -f "danglingture")
删除未打标签的本地镜像
3.1.7创建镜像
创建镜像为较为复杂点，在之后的文档中会详细介绍。
3.2容器
容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用，以及他们的运行环境。对应的虚拟机可以理解为模拟运行的一套操作系统（提供了运行环境和其他其系统环境）和跑在上面的应用。
3.2.1、启动容器
启动容器的方式
[*]基于镜像新建一个容器并启动。
[*]将终止状态的容器重新启动。
容器太轻量了，很多时候用户都是随时删除和新创建容器。
docker run [选项、参数] 镜像名称 [执行的命令]
注：如果不指定镜像名称会自动生成名称
例：输出一个hello world ，之后终止容器
# docker run docker.io/centos /bin/echo 'hello world'
hello world
这跟直接在本地执行一个hello world 没有任何区别。
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 16 seconds ago Exited (0) 11 seconds ago gigantic_sinoussi
因为没有指定容器名称，所以他自己自动生成了gigantic_sinoussi
hello world 例：启动一个bash，允许用户交互，指定容器名称为mycentos
# docker run -i -t --name mycentos docker.io/centos/bin/bash
#
-name:指定容器名称
-t：让docker分配一个伪终端
-i：让容器的标准输入打开（input）
创建可交互容器 接上例：在交互模户，模式下。用户可以通过所创建的终端来输入命令
# pwd
/
# ls
anaconda-post.logbindevetchomeliblib64lost+foundmediamntoptprocrootrunsbinsrvsystmpusrvar
可交互容器操作 继续接上例：在可交互模式查看进程，本地信息
# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 10.00.0117521876 ? Ss 15:44 0:00 /bin/bash
root 170.00.0474241660 ? R+ 16:02 0:00 ps aux
# free -m
total used free sharedbuff/cache available
Mem: 1993 158 1121 8 713 1669
Swap: 475 0 475
# exit
# free -m
total used free sharedbuff/cache available
Mem: 1993 147 1140 8 706 1681
Swap: 475 0 475
容器不是一个虚拟机，他只是一个进程，pid为1的进程结束了，这个容器就挂了，他就是为了隔离这个进程而存在的。
docker的隔离性并不是很好，在物理机可以看到服务器的硬件信息，docker本身不能解决，但是可以用一些黑科技解决，当然如果自己用的话也可以不用解决这个问题。
交互模式下的进程及内存 docker run来创建容器时，docker在后台运行的标准操作包括：
[*]检查本地是否存在 指定的镜像，不存在就从仓库下载。
[*]利用镜像创建并启动一个镜像
[*]分配一个文件系统，并在只读的镜像层外面挂载一层可读写层。
[*]从宿主主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去
[*]从地址池配置一个ip地址给容器
[*]执行用户指定的应用程序
[*]执行完毕后容器被终止
3.2.2、启动已经终止的容器
docker start [容器名称|容器id]
例：启动mycentos
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago mycentos
ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 36 minutes ago elated_brown
443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 44 minutes ago gigantic_sinoussi
# docker start mycentos
mycentos
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Up 3 seconds mycentos
启动mycentos
注：有的人想在容器起来的时候在执行其他的东西。这是不推荐的因为docker的理念，不可变基础设施，不要修改容器（前面有讲解），再重新创建一个就可以了，已改动就可变了。
3.2.3、后台运行
更多的时候需要让Docker 在后台运行而不是直接执行命令的结果输出在当前宿主机下，此时，可以通过添加 -d 参数来实现。
例：如果不使用-d参数运行容器
# docker run centos echo hello world
hello world
不使用-d参数 容器会把输出结果打印到宿主机上
例：使用-d参数
# docker run-d centos echo hello world
f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41
# docker logs f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41
hello world
使用-d参数 这时候容器会在后台运行并不会把输出结果（STDOUT）打印到宿主机上面（输出结果可以用docker logs查看）
注:容器是否会长久运行，是和docker run指定的
3.2.3、进入镜像
3.2.3.1、attach
docker attach [镜像名称]
这个登录相当于单用户模式，只能有一个人登录。一般生产不推荐使用此法。
例：一方操作另一方会自动操作。
3.2.3.2、 nsenter
生产场景是不使用docker attach的，需要我们使用nsenter这个工具，这个工具包含在util-linux软件包里面。nsenter可以访问另一个进程的名字空间。nsenter要正常工作需要有root权限。
#yum install util-linux -y
util 一般情况下最小化安装里都已经安装完毕。
我们通过nsenter就可以进入容器，但是nsenter是通过容器第一个进程的pid进入容器里，所以我们需要知道容器的pid。我们可以通过docker inspect来获取到pid
利用docker inspect 获得PID号
# docker start mycentos
mycentos
# docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" mycentos
10656
# nsenter -t 10656 -m -u -i -n -p
#
nsenter进入容器 那个参数选项是简写全称的就是：
nsenter --traget $PID--mount --uts--ipc --net --pid
nsenter参数：
[*]–mount参数是进去到mount namespace中
[*]–uts参数是进入到uts namespace中
[*]–ipc参数是进入到System V IPC namaspace中
[*]–net参数是进入到network namespace中
[*]–pid参数是进入到pid namespace中
[*]–user参数是进入到user namespace中
我们进入容器查看进程
# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 10.00.0117761664 ? Ss+22:06 0:00 /bin/bash
root 140.00.0133761988 ? S 22:12 0:00 -bash
root 270.00.0490241808 ? R+ 22:21 0:00 ps aux
nsenter进入容器查看进程 其中/bin/bash 是我们开启容器运行的第一个进程
-bash 是nsenter 启动时生成的进程，这样我们退出后，容器不会退出，仍然会运行。
我们不能每次都要执行上面的命令，找到PID 在进入再次我们需要写一个脚本
catcat docker_in.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Use nsenter to access docker
docker_in(){
NAME_ID=$1
PID=$(docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" $NAME_ID)
nsenter -t $PID -m -u -i -n -p
}
docker_in $1
cat docker_in.sh 执行结果
# chmod +x docker_in.sh
# ./docker_in.sh mycentos
# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 10.00.0117761664 ? Ss+22:06 0:00 /bin/bash
root 280.00.0133761984 ? S 22:28 0:00 -bash
root 410.00.0490241812 ? R+ 22:28 0:00 ps aux
执行过程
3.2.3.3、docker exec
docker exec 的本意不是为了进入容器，仅仅是为了在外面执行一个容器的操作。
docker exec [容器名称|id] 命令
例：在容器mycentos外执行命令whoami等
# docker exec mycentos whoami
root
# docker exec mycentos ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 10.00.0117761664 ? Ss+22:06 0:00 /bin/bash
root 460.00.0474241660 ? Rs 22:34 0:00 ps aux
不进入容器操作
进入容器方法
docker exec -it [容器名称|id] /bin/bash
例：使用docker exec 进入容器
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 30 minutes mycentos
# dockerexec -it mycentos/bin/bash
# exit
# dockerexec -it c761cee8863f/bin/bash
#
exec 进入容器
和 nsenter 实现原理不一样 实现结果一样的
3.2.4、查看容器列表
docker ps
例:查看正在运行的容器
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 32 minutes mycentos
正在运行容器 例：查看所有容器
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
edfdd26e20da centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago kickass_heisenberg
f6f8844f843b centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago reverent_yalow
cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 3 hours ago Created high_mclean
cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 3 hours ago Created stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 4 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago serene_euler
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 33 minutes mycentos
ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 6 hours ago Exited (0) 6 hours ago elated_brown
443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi
查看所有容器
例：只查所有镜像的id
# docker ps -a -q
edfdd26e20da
f6f8844f843b
cd9cf2398630
cc93e8ced322
475cd09a2e6e
d580c6389d1e
b54ed375b3f1
a9864174cfb0
eb62a497f026
3e68d0c13bfd
4d6ae0f25206
a8770406b896
7ecb2ca7d612
6ddae878765f
c761cee8863f
ccfc03f90613
443da0721b41
所有容器id 查看所有运行容器的id只要去掉-a参数即可。
3.2.5、容器删除
可以使用docker rm 来删除一个出于终止状态的容器。
例：删除 reverent_yalow
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f6f8844f843b centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago reverent_yalow
cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean
cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up 49 minutes mycentos
ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown
443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi
# docker rm reverent_yalow
reverent_yalow
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean
cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up 49 minutes mycentos
ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown
443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi
reverent_yalow 如果删除一个正在运行中的容器，可以添加-f 参数。Docker会发送SIGKLL信号给容器。
清理所有出于终止状态的容器，可以配合刚才我们展示的docker ps -a -q。用docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
例：删除所有终止状态的容器
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cd9cf2398630 centos "while true ;echo hel" 4 hours ago Created high_mclean
cc93e8ced322 centos "echo hello world" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago stupefied_dubinsky
475cd09a2e6e centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago romantic_easley
d580c6389d1e centos "/bin/bash -c 'while " 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago fervent_williams
b54ed375b3f1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago goofy_davinci
a9864174cfb0 centos "while true; do echo " 4 hours ago Created stoic_goodall
eb62a497f026 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago pedantic_ritchie
3e68d0c13bfd centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago kickass_jepsen
4d6ae0f25206 centos "/bin/sh 'while true;" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago pensive_chandrasekhar
a8770406b896 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago cranky_pasteur
7ecb2ca7d612 centos "while true;do echo h" 5 hours ago Created gigantic_lalande
6ddae878765f centos "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 hours ago Exited (1) 5 hours ago serene_euler
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos
ccfc03f90613 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo /bin/bash" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago elated_brown
443da0721b41 docker.io/centos "/bin/echo 'hello wor" 7 hours ago Exited (0) 7 hours ago gigantic_sinoussi
# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
cd9cf2398630
cc93e8ced322
475cd09a2e6e
d580c6389d1e
b54ed375b3f1
a9864174cfb0
eb62a497f026
3e68d0c13bfd
4d6ae0f25206
a8770406b896
7ecb2ca7d612
6ddae878765f
ccfc03f90613
443da0721b41
Failed to remove container (c761cee8863f): Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos
删除所有终止状态容器
这里还有一个测试时好用的参数
docker run --rm [选项] [镜像名称] [命令]
使用 --rm参数在我们使用完这个容器，关闭就会自动删除，省时省力，当然如果还需要在测试，就重新启动一个容器，也符合docker不可变基础设施理念。
例：创建一个测试容器，退出后自动给删除
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos
# docker run --rm -it--name ceshi centos /bin/bash
# exit
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c761cee8863f docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 7 hours ago Up About an hour mycentos
测试
目前先分享到这里，因本人报名赵班长的架构师课程开班。容器和创建镜像在以后的文档中会再有更加详细的介绍。
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