Docker 创建image
images 是containers的基础。每次使用docker run 命令都要指定image。列出本地images
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 30 hours ago 275.1 MB
ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB
docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
寻找获取新image
寻找一下centos images。
zane@zane-V:~$ docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 2949
jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.8 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.3.1611 x8... 51
nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 20
torusware/speedus-centos Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 8
egyptianbman/docker-centos-nginx-php A simple and highly configurable docker co... 6
nathonfowlie/centos-jre Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 5
centos/mariadb55-centos7 3
docker pull 下载image
zane@zane-V:~$ docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
45a2e645736c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c577af3197aacedf79c5a204cd7f493c8e07ffbce7f88f7600bf19c688c38799
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
启动一个容器
zane@zane-V:~$ docker run-t -icentos /bin/bash
# ls
anaconda-post.logdevhomelib64 mediaopt rootsbinsysusr
bin etclib lost+foundmnt procrun srv tmpvar
training/sinatra下载
zane@zane-V:~$docker pull training/sinatra
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from training/sinatra
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete
6e71c809542e: Pull complete
d196a7609355: Pull complete
08f6dff5acea: Pull complete
ce65532003d0: Pull complete
54bcaa4d1a10: Pull complete
8572ad96f6e1: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:03fc0cd265cbc28723e4efd446f9f2f37b4790cf9cc12f1b9203c79fb86b6772
Status: Downloaded newer image for training/sinatra:latest
创建自己的images
虽然training/sinatra ，image已经非常好了，但是可能我们要增加一些功能。
更新和创建images的两种方法
[*]更新容器，并提交更改结果到image
[*]使用Dockerfile 指定说明来创建一个image
更新和提交image
创建容器用来更新
zane@zane-V:~$ docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash
root@b9d598059fa9:/#
查看正在运行的容器
zane@zane-V:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b9d598059fa9 training/sinatra "/bin/bash" 45 seconds ago Up 44 seconds desperate_bose
在运行的容器中让我们先升级 Ruby
root@b9d598059fa9:/# apt-get install -y ruby2.0-dev ruby2.0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
.......
.......
再来安装json
root@b9d598059fa9:/# gem2.0 install json
Fetching: json-2.0.2.gem (100%)
Building native extensions.This could take a while...
Successfully installed json-2.0.2
Parsing documentation for json-2.0.2
unable to convert "\xD0" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for lib/json/ext/generator.so, skipping
unable to convert "\xD0" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for lib/json/ext/parser.so, skipping
Installing ri documentation for json-2.0.2
1 gem installed
完成更新之后，退出容器使用exit 命令。
root@b9d598059fa9:/# exit
exit
zane@zane-V:~$
提交
docker commit命令提交
-m : 说明更改
-a:更改作者
b9d598059fa9：更改的容器ID
sinatra:v2 ：提交到sinatra image ,v2是tag;
zane@zane-V:~$ docker commit -m "Added json gem" -a "zane" b9d598059fa9 sinatra:v2
sha256:7902e96eb0144d64577348c02ff8accf939e5469c01df9a0911044122205b8c7
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 About a minute ago 471.2 MB
zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 30 hours ago 275.1 MB
centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB
ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB
docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
可以看到commit 之后，在本地出现了我们本地image
使用Dockerfile创建image
docker build 命令 读取Dockerfile 来创建image
创建目录以及Dockerfile
zane@zane-V:~$ mkdir sinatra
zane@zane-V:~$ cd sinatra/
zane@zane-V:~/sinatra$ touch Dockerfile
Dockerfile内容
# This is a comment
FROM ubuntu:14.04
MAINTAINER zane zane.zhang@zoom.us
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev
RUN gem install sinatra
[*]#: 注释
[*]FROM
[*]以哪个image为基础
[*]maintainer
[*]作者
[*]RUN
[*]在基础image上做一些实质性操作
docker build 创建image
zane@zane-V:~/sinatra$ docker build -t zane/sinatra:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1 : FROM ubuntu:14.04
14.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
16da43b30d89: Pulling fs layer
1840843dafed: Pulling fs layer
91246eb75b7d: Pulling fs layer
7faa681b41d7: Waiting
97b84c64d426: Waiting
-t 参数给image名称 zane/sinatra,以及标签 v1
不要忘记 . 命令，它告诉docker build 在本目录寻找调用Dockerfile。
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zane/sinatra v1 c0e79450b1a1 About a minute ago 322.4 MB
sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB
zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB
centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB
ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB
ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB
docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
设置image的标签
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 18 minutes ago 471.2 MB
zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB
centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB
ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB
ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB
docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
给sinatra增加一个tag vv
zane@zane-V:~$ docker tag 7902e96eb014 sinatra:vv
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE B
sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 19 minutes ago 471.2 MB
sinatra vv 7902e96eb014 19 minutes ago 471.2 MB
zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB
centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB
ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB
ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB
docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
当然也可以给指定不同的repository名称，以及tag名；
zane@zane-V:~$ docker tag 7902e96eb014 zane-sinatra:vv
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB
sinatra vv 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB
zane-sinatra vv 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB
zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB
centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB
ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB
ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB
docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
image摘要
$ docker images --digests | head REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ouruser/sinatra latest sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf 5db5f8471261 11 hours ago 446.7 MB
可以用来指定要拉下来的是哪个版本
push image 到 Docker Hub
zane@zane-V:~$ docker push zane/sinatra
The push refers to a repository
e9170f93385d: Preparing
d375b10aba64: Preparing
4fcb79d431cc: Preparing
4375cecd293e: Preparing
738d3f35b582: Preparing
53edc9780c07: Waiting
bc224b1b676d: Waiting
unauthorized: authentication required
删除本地image
zane@zane-V:~$ docker rmi hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:0256e8a36e2070f7bf2d0b0763dbabdd67798512411de4cdcf9431a1feb60fd9
Deleted: sha256:c54a2cc56cbb2f04003c1cd4507e118af7c0d340fe7e2720f70976c4b75237dc
Deleted: sha256:a02596fdd012f22b03af6ad7d11fa590c57507558357b079c3e8cebceb4262d7
总结
[*]寻找获取新image
[*]docker search centos
[*]从docker hub 上pull下来
[*]docker pull centos
[*]启动一个容器
[*]docker run-t -icentos /bin/bash
[*]创建image两种方式
[*]
[*]更新容器，并提交更改结果到image
[*]a.运行容器
[*]b.安装新软件如：ruby,python,json
[*]c.提交
[*]docker commit -m "Added json gem" -a "zane" b9d598059fa9 sinatra:v2
[*]-m :说明，-a：作者，
[*]将容器b9d598059fa9的更改提交到sinatra 镜像的V2标签
[*]使用Dockerfile，创建新image
[*]编写dockerfile
[*]运行build 命令
[*]给image增加标签
[*]docker tag 7902e96eb014 sinatra:vv
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