linux上部署hadoop集群 HA+Federation篇
介绍本文继续介绍hadoop部署，来说如何搭建HA+Federation，HA的意思是高可用，Federation是联合的意思，也可以理解为负载均衡的意思。
正文
1 环境
10台机器：
四台namenode(一个集群，每两台做一个namespace，每个ns中的两个namenode作HA)，三台datanode，三台zookeeper（也可以省去这三台，把zookeeper daemon部署在其他机器上）。实际上还需要3台journalnode,但因为它比较轻量级，所以这里就把它部署在datanode上了。
为了方便，本文后面就用ns代替namespace。
2 配置文件修改
2.1 core-site.xml
修改ns1中的两台namenode的core-site.xml
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://cluster1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>10.9.214.167:2181,10.9.214.18:2181,10.9.214.211:2181</value>
</property>
修改ns2中的两台namenode的core-site.xml
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://cluster2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>10.9.214.167:2181,10.9.214.18:2181,10.9.214.211:2181</value>
</property>
2.2 hdfs-site.xml
修改ns1中的两台namenode的hdfs-site.xml
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/hdfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/hdfs/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>cluster1,cluster2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.cluster1</name>
<value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster1.nn1</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster1.nn2</name>
<value>10.9.214.15:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster1.nn1</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster1.nn2</name>
<value>10.9.214.15:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.cluster2</name>
<value>nn3,nn4</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster2.nn3</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster2.nn4</name>
<value>10.9.214.113:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster2.nn3</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster2.nn4</name>
<value>10.9.214.113:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
<value>qjournal://10.9.214.158:8485;10.9.214.160:8485;10.9.214.149:8485/cluster1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.cluster1</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/journalnode</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
修改ns2中的两台namenode的hdfs-site.xml
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/hdfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/hdfs/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>cluster1,cluster2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.cluster1</name>
<value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster1.nn1</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster1.nn2</name>
<value>10.9.214.15:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster1.nn1</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster1.nn2</name>
<value>10.9.214.15:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.cluster2</name>
<value>nn3,nn4</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster2.nn3</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.cluster2.nn4</name>
<value>10.9.214.113:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster2.nn3</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.cluster2.nn4</name>
<value>10.9.214.113:50070</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
<value>qjournal://10.9.214.158:8485;10.9.214.160:8485;10.9.214.149:8485/cluster2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.cluster2</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/journalnode</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
2.3 mapred-site.xml
修改4台namenode上的mapred-site.xml
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
2.4 yarn-site.xml
修改ns1的yarn-site.xml
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:18040</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:18030</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:18088</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:18025</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.151:18141</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
修改ns2的yarn-site.xml
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:18040</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:18030</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:18088</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:18025</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
<value>10.9.214.105:18141</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
3 操作细节
3.1 启动zookeeper daemons
在三台zookeeper机器上执行
1
zkServer.sh start
3.2 格式化zookeeper
在ns1，集群2的各一个namenode上执行
1
hdfs zkfc -formatZK
3.3 启动journalnode
在三台journalnode机器上执行
1
hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
3.4 格式化namenode
在ns1和ns2中各一台namenode上执行
1
hdfs namenode -format -clusterId cluster
注意：clusterid 只有一个，因为四个namenode共用三个datanode，所以只有一个集群。
3.5 启动namenode
在ns1和ns2中各一台namenode上执行
1
hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
验证
在浏览器中输入10.9.214.151：50070 可以看到hdfs状态
3.6 做namenode 数据同步到namenode standby
在ns1和ns2中另一台namenode上执行
1
hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
3.7 启动namenode standby上的namenode
1
hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
3.8 启动datanode
在任意一台namenode上执行
1
hadoop-daemons.sh start datanode
3.9 启动zkfc
在每台namenode上执行
1
hadoop-daemon.sh --script hdfs start zkfc
验证
在任意一台namenode上执行以下命令分别查看各个节点状态
1
2
3
4
hdfs haadmin -ns cluster1 -getServiceState nn1
hdfs haadmin -ns cluster1 -getServiceState nn2
hdfs haadmin -ns cluster2 -getServiceState nn3
hdfs haadmin -ns cluster2 -getServiceState nn4
切换active和standby节点，看是否成功
1
hdfs haadmin -ns cluster1 -failover nn1 nn2
尝试关掉一个主namenode，看主备能否正常切换
尝试关掉一个datanode，看会发生什么（datanode和namenode之间是通过heartbeat每隔几分钟检测一次，若某个datanode没有反应了，namenode就会把这个datanode变为四节点，namenode每隔10分钟检测一次）
3.10 启动yarn
在ns1，ns2的各一个namenode上启动
1
start-yarn.sh
验证
在浏览器中输入http://10.9.214.151:18088 可看到application界面
查看hdfs文件系统内容：
1
hadoop dfs -ls /
拷贝一个文件到hadoop集群：
1
hadoop dfs -put core-site.xml /
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