efn阿克说 发表于 2018-1-2 16:53:49

ansible 自动化(2)

  模块介绍:
copy模块
  使用copy模块,可以将本地文件一键复制到远程服务器;
  -a后跟上参数,参数中指定本地文件和远端路径;
# ansible glq -m copy -a "src=~/fping-3.8.tar.gz dest=~/"  
10.69.69.121 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "dest": "/root/fping-3.8.tar.gz",
  "gid": 0,
  "group": "root",
  "md5sum": "1e36467cc96a4ca959925ac167ea19af",
  "mode": "0644",
  "owner": "root",
  "size": 147448,
  "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1482214561.7-273384209097162/source",
  "state": "file",
  "uid": 0
  
}
  
10.107.2.56 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "dest": "/root/fping-3.8.tar.gz",
  "gid": 0,
  "group": "root",
  "md5sum": "1e36467cc96a4ca959925ac167ea19af",
  "mode": "0644",
  "owner": "root",
  "size": 147448,
  "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1482214563.87-235871924804761/source",
  "state": "file",
  "uid": 0
  
}
  
10.107.2.44 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "dest": "/root/fping-3.8.tar.gz",
  "gid": 0,
  "group": "root",
  "md5sum": "1e36467cc96a4ca959925ac167ea19af",
  "mode": "0644",
  "owner": "root",
  "size": 147448,
  "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1482214563.94-108812671292926/source",
  "state": "file",
  "uid": 0
  
}
  

  
10.107.2.58 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "dest": "/root/fping-3.8.tar.gz",
  "gid": 0,
  "group": "root",
  "md5sum": "1e36467cc96a4ca959925ac167ea19af",
  "mode": "0644",
  "owner": "root",
  "size": 147448,
  "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1482214563.92-185412226226660/source",
  "state": "file",
  "uid": 0
  
}
  

验证是否copy成功:# ansible glq -m command -a 'ls -al /root/fping-3.8.tar.gz'  
10.107.2.56 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147448 Dec 20 14:15 /root/fping-3.8.tar.gz
  
10.107.2.44 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147448 Dec 20 14:15 /root/fping-3.8.tar.gz
  
10.107.2.58 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147448 Dec 20 14:15 /root/fping-3.8.tar.gz
  
10.69.69.121 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147448 Dec 20 07:15 /root/fping-3.8.tar.gz
  

  


command模块:
  command模块为ansible默认模块,不指定-m参数时,使用的就是command模块;
  comand模块比较简单,常见的命令都可以使用,但其命令的执行不是通过shell执行的,所以,像这些 "<", ">", "|", and "&"操作都不可以,当然,也就不支持管道;

  缺点是:不支持管道,就没法批量执行命令;

  实例:
# ansible glq -m command -a 'pwd'  
10.69.69.121 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/root
  
10.107.2.56 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/root
  
10.107.2.44 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/root
  
10.107.2.58 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/root
  

  

  

shell模块
  使用shell模块,在远程命令通过/bin/sh来执行;所以,我们在终端输入的各种命令方式,都可以使用;
  但是我们自己定义在.bashrc/.bash_profile中的环境变量shell模块由于没有加载,所以无法识别;如果需要使用自定义的环境变量,就需要在最开始,执行加载自定义脚本的语句;

  对shell模块的使用可以分成两块:
  1) 如果待执行的语句少,可以直接写在一句话中:
# ansible glq -a "ifconfig eth0 | grep -e "^10.";pwd" -m shell  
10.69.69.121 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/root
  

  
10.107.2.44 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/rooteth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found
  

  
10.107.2.56 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/root
  

  
10.107.2.58 | success | rc=0 >>
  
/rooteth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found
  

  

  2) 如果在远程待执行的语句比较多,可写成一个脚本,通过copy模块传到远端,然后再执行;但这样就又涉及到两次ansible调用;对于这种需求,ansible已经为我们考虑到了,script模块就是干这事的;

scripts模块
  使用scripts模块可以在本地写一个脚本,在远程服务器上执行:

  脚本如下:
# vim test.sh  
#!/bin/bash
  
declare -i SUM=0
  
for ((i=1;i<=100;i+=1))
  
do
  let SUM+=$i
  
done
  
echo $SUM
  

  

  执行脚本:
# ansible glq -m script -a "/root/test.sh"  
10.69.69.121 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "rc": 0,
  "stderr": "",
  "stdout": "5050\r\n"
  
}
  
10.107.2.44 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "rc": 0,
  "stderr": "",
  "stdout": "5050\r\n"
  
}
  
10.107.2.56 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "rc": 0,
  "stderr": "",
  "stdout": "5050\r\n"
  
}
  
10.107.2.58 | success >> {
  "changed": true,
  "rc": 0,
  "stderr": "",
  "stdout": "5050\r\n"
  
}
  
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