ansible 下lineinfile详细使用 【转】
转自ansible 下lineinfile详细使用 - 散人 - 51CTO技术博客
http://zouqingyun.blog.51cto.com/782246/1882367
一、简述
这几天在看了ansible官网，收获蛮多。截取一个lineinfile模块作一个总结。如果批量修改配置文件某一行时，在写playbook时lineinfile避免不了的。
根据官网说法：lineinfile - Ensure a particular line is in a file, or replace an existing line using a back-referenced regular expression.大意是说，针对文件特殊行，使用后端引用的正则表达式来替换
二、实践
playbook，我先定义前面common部分。
---
- hosts: "{{host}}"
remote_user: "{{user}}"
gather_facts: false
tasks:
由于我已经定义标签tags，执行playbook中某个特定任务时，只需执行到对应TAGNAME便可
ansible-playbook line1.yml --extra-vars "host=gitlab user=root" --tags "TAGNAME" -v
1、正则匹配，更改某个关键参数值
- name: seline modify enforcing
lineinfile:
dest:
/etc/selinux/config
regexp:
'^SELINUX='
line:
'SELINUX=enforcing'
验证
# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX
= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing
- SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive
- SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled
- No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX
=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE
= can take one of these two values:
# targeted
- Targeted processes are protected,
# mls
- Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE
=targeted
2、在匹配的内容前或后增加一行
2.1 http.conf
# cat http.conf
#Listen
12.34.56.78:80
#Listen
80
#Port
2.2 insertbefore匹配内容在前面添加
- name: httpd.conf modify 8080
lineinfile:
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/http.conf
regexp:
'^Listen'
insertbefore:
'^#Port'
line:
'Listen 8080'
tags:
- http8080
验证
# cat http.conf
#Listen
12.34.56.78:80
#Listen
80
Listen
8080
#Port
2.3 insertafter匹配内容在后面添加
- name: httpd.conf modify 8080
lineinfile:
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/http.conf
regexp:
'^Listen'
insertafter:
'^#Port'
line:
'Listen 8080'
tags:
- http8080
验证
# cat http.conf
#Listen
12.34.56.78:80
#Listen
80
#Port
Listen
8080
3.修改文件内容和权限
3.1 原文件内容及权限
# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo
# ls -l hosts
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root qingyun 111 12月 13 18:07 hosts
3.2 剧本
- name: modify hosts
lineinfile:
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/hosts
regexp:
'^127\.0\.0\.1'
line:
'127.0.0.1 localhosts'
owner: root
group: root
mode:
0644
tags:
- hosts
3.3 执行验证
# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo
# ls
-l hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49 12月 13 18:16 hosts
4、删除某一行内容
4.1 原文件
# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo
4.2 absent剧本
- name: delete 192.168.1.1
lineinfile:
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/hosts
state: absent
regexp:
'^192\.'
tags:
- delete192
4.3 验证
# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
5、文件存在就添加一行
5.1原文件
# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
5.2 剧本
- name: add a line
lineinfile:
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/hosts
line:
'192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo'
tags:
- add_a_line
5.3 验证
# cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhosts
192.168.1.2 foo.lab.net foo
6、如果匹配到，引用line这一行作为替换。如果没有匹配到，则完全引用line这一行作为添加
6.1 原文件
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
6.2 剧本
- name: Fully quoted a line
lineinfile:
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/testfile
state: present
regexp:
'^%wheel'
line:
'%wheelALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL'
tags:
- testfile
6.3 验证
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
%wheelALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
6.4 原文件
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
%wheel1234ALL =(all) NOPASSWD
6.5 验证
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY
******************************************************************
TASK
*****************************************************
changed:
=> {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
PLAY RECAP
*********************************************************************
master : ok
=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
%wheelALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
7、关于参数backrefs，backup使用。
[*] backrefs为no时，如果没有匹配,则添加一行line。如果匹配了，则把匹配内容替被换为line内容。
[*] backrefs为yes时，如果没有匹配，则文件保持不变。如果匹配了，把匹配内容替被换为line内容。
[*] backup为no时，没有匹配，则添加。如果匹配了，则替换
[*] backup为yes时，没有匹配，添加，如果匹配了，则替换
7.1 需要关心的,backrefs为yes时情景
7.1.1 原文件
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
%wheelALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
#
?bar
7.1.2 剧本
- name: test backrefs
lineinfile:
# backup: yes
state: present
dest:
/opt/playbook/test/testfile
regexp:
'^#\?bar'
backrefs: yes
line:
'bar'
tags:
- test_backrefs
7.1.3 验证
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
%wheelALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
bar
7.1.3 没有匹配
# cat testfile
#
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
%wheelALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
7.1.4 验证
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY
******************************************************************
TASK
***********************************************************
ok:
=> {"backup": "", "changed": false, "msg": ""}
PLAY RECAP
*********************************************************************
master : ok
=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
文件保持不变
8、使用valiate参数，在保存sudoers文件前，验证语法，如果有错，执行时，会报出来，重新编辑playbook
8.1 剧本
- name: test validate
lineinfile:
dest:
/etc/sudoers
state: present
regexp:
'^%ADMIN ALL='
line:
'%ADMIN ALL=(ALL)'
validate:
'visudo -cf %s'
tags:
- testsudo
8.2 执行验证就说语法不过关
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY
******************************************************************
TASK
***********************************************************
fatal: : FAILED
! => {"changed": false, "failed": true, "msg": "failed to validate: rc:1 error:visudo：>>> /tmp/tmpgQjHYM：syntax error 在行 114 附近<<<\n"}
to retry, use:
--limit @/opt/playbook/test/line1.retry
PLAY RECAP
*********************************************************************
master : ok
=0 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1
三、总结
具体模块使用，ansible-doc可以查看详细用法。
本文出自 “散人” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://zouqingyun.blog.51cto.com/782246/1882367
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