Elf Sundae's Blog
References:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/315911/git-for-beginners-the-definitive-practical-guide
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
http://progit.org/book/
git安装、配置用户名邮箱、SSH服务器搭建
http://www.cnblogs.com/elfsundae/archive/2011/07/06/2099182.html
Create/List/Remove a new Project/Repository
$ git init
将在当前目录创建一个隐藏的名为".git"的目录。
$ git init project1
等价于 $ mkdir project1 && cd project1 && git init
$ git status
检查当前目录是否包含一个git repo
$ ls .git
查看git目录
$ rm -rf .git/
移除有关git的所有东西
Configure git to ignore files
.gitignore文件可以定义要忽略的文件。详细规则见http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitignore.html
过滤文件夹: /build/
过滤某种类型的文件:*.tmp
过滤某各文件: /Build/Products/test.app
!开头表示不过滤： !*.c , !/dir/subdir/
支持通配符： *. 过滤repo中所有以.o或者.a为扩展名的文件
有三种方法应用过滤：
[*]对该repo的所有用户应用过滤: 将 .gitignore 文件放在工作目录的跟目录，编辑.gitignore完成后提交
git add .gitignore
[*]仅对自己的repo备份过滤: 添加/编辑你工作目录的$GIT_DIR/info/exclude,例如你的working copy目录是
~/src/project1 , 则路径为
~/src/project1/.git/info/exclude
[*]系统全局过滤 创建一个ignore文件，名字随意起，比如我的放在 ~/.gitglobalignore ，然后配置git：
$ core.excludesfile = ~/.gitglobalignore
.gitignore文件示例:
.DS_Store### build directoryiMochaApp/build/ iMochaSDK
/build/### Testing projects directory/Testing/
Getting the latest Code
$ git pull <remote> <branch> # fetches the code and merges it into # your working directory$ git fetch <remote> <branch> # fetches the code but does not merge # it into your working directory $ git pull
--tag <remote> <branch> # same as above but fetch tags as well$ git fetch --tag <remote> <branch> # you get the>
Checking Out Code (clone)
$ git clone user@host.com/dir/to/repo
Commit Changes
当修改了文件，你需要提交(commit)这些更改。
$ git commit source/main.c
上句将提交 ./source/ 目录下的 main.c 文件。
$ git commit -a
-a标识表示提交所有修改过的文件，但是不提交新增加的文件。新增加的文件需要使用$ git-add 将其添加到git的索引中。
“提交”仅改变你本地repo，如果要提交更改到服务器，需要使用push：
$ git push <remote> <branch>
查看当前状态
$ git status 可以查看当前工作与那个branch，将要提交什么，提醒你忘记了什么等等...
Undo/Revert/Reset a commit
如果不想让当前的更改生效，返回之前的提交，可以运行如下命令:
# Revert to a previous commit by hash:
$ git-reset --hard <hash>
可使用 HEAD^ 快捷指定上一次提交hash：
# Revert to previous commit:
$ git-reset --hard HEAD^
文件比较
比较命令是 $ git diff
# to compare 2 revisions of a file:
$ git diff <commit1> <commit2> <file_name>
# to compare current staged file against the repository:
$ git diff --staged <file_name>
#to compare current unstaged file against the repository:
$ git diff <file_name>
How do you see the history of revisions to a file?
$ git log -- filename
git branch (分支)
git默认分支叫 master
# create a new branch
$ git branch <branch-name>
# to see a list of all branches in the cureent repoitory
$ git branch
# if you want to switch to another branch you can use
$ git checkout <branch-name>
# to create a new branch and switch to it in one step
$ git checkout -b <branch-name>
# to delete a branch:
$ git branch -d <branch-name>
# to create a branch with the changes from the current branch,do :
$ git stash
$ git stash branch <branch-name>
How do you merge branches?
if you want to merge a branch(e.g. "master" to "release"), make sure your current branch is the target branch you'd like to merge into(use $git branch or $git status to see your current branch).
Then use
$ git merge master
(where master is the name of the branch you want to merge with the current branch).
If there are any conflicts, you can use
$ git diff
to see pending conflicts you have to resolve.
跟踪远程分支
假设你已经clone了一个具有 'some_branch' 分支的远端repo.下面的命令将本地跟踪这个分支：
# list remote branchesgit branch -r# start tracking one remote branchgit branch --track some_branch origin/some_branch# change to the branch locallygit checkout some_branch# make changes and commit them locally....# push your changes to the remote repository:git push
创建远程分支
# create a new branch locallygit branch name_of_branch git checkout name_of_branch
# edit/add/remove files #
... #
Commit your changes locallygit add fileName git commit
-m Message# push changes and new branch to remote repository:git push origin name_of_branch:name_of_branch
删除远程分支
git push [远程名] :[分支名]
$ git push origin :mybranchname
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