k8s基本概念-如何使用Deployments
Deployments 使用示例创建一个 app
查看 app 状态
更新 app
回滚 app
扩缩容 app
删除 app
创建一个 app
通过 yaml 配置文件来定义 Deployment
关于 apiVersion 的写法，请参考：
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/630dbedef9de9ef678f16132796b103b8a03fcda/pkg/api/testing/defaulting_test.go
关于 metadata 中的 name
定义来 deployment 的名称
同一个 namespace 下名称不能重复
关于 metadata 中的 labels
k/v 键值对
key 的命名规则
必须
包含一个可选的 prefix 和 name 并小于 64 字符
name 以字母和数字 开头和结尾，中间可以是 dashes (-)，underscores (_)，dots (.)，字母和数字
prefix 是可选的，类似这样："kubernetes.io/" 暂不讨论
Value 的命名规则
可以为空，或小于 64 字符
以字母和数字 开头和结尾，中间可以是 dashes (-)，underscores (_)，dots (.)，字母和数字
关于 metadata 中的 namespace
默认使用 default
# cat ~/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 # for versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: test-deployment-app-whoami
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: opera443399/whoami:0.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
运行 app
### 注意：使用 --record 可以记录指令的 history 便于后续 rolling update 选择
# kubectl apply -f ~/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml --record
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" created
查看 app 状态
查看信息
# kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami 3 3 3 3 5m
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 3 3 3 5m
# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-59h9x 1/1 Running 0 5m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-978ht 1/1 Running 0 5m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-w5dhk 1/1 Running 0 5m
# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-59h9x 1/1 Running 0 7m app=whoami,pod-template-hash=2795782690
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-978ht 1/1 Running 0 7m app=whoami,pod-template-hash=2795782690
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-w5dhk 1/1 Running 0 7m app=whoami,pod-template-hash=2795782690
更新 app
试着更新 1 次镜像后，查看信息，重点留意版本历史
### 更新 image 为其他版本：
# kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" image updated
查看信息
# kubectl rollout status deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" successfully rolled out
# kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami 3 3 3 3 11m
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 3 3 3 42s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 0 0 0 11m
# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964-bfznh 1/1 Running 0 54s
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964-r7vp5 1/1 Running 0 56s
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964-vssrj 1/1 Running 0 53s
# kubectl describe deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
Name: test-deployment-app-whoami
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 17:44:30 +0800
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=2
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration=（略）
kubernetes.io/change-cause=kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
Selector: app=whoami
Replicas: 3 desired 3 updated 3 total 3 available 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: app=whoami
Containers:
whoami:
Image: opera443399/whoami:0.7
Port: 80/TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type Status Reason
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: <none>
NewReplicaSet: test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 12m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 3
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 1
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 1
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 3
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 0
# kubectl rollout history deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployments "test-deployment-app-whoami"
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1 kubectl apply --filename=/root/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml --record=true
2 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
- 再更新 1 次镜像后，再次查看信息
```bash
# kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.8
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" image updated
# kubectl rollout status deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" successfully rolled out
# kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami 3 3 3 3 17m
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf 3 3 3 46s
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 0 0 0 6m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 0 0 0 17m
# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf-5g89x 1/1 Running 0 45s
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf-75xjd 1/1 Running 0 52s
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf-pchpw 1/1 Running 0 49s
# kubectl describe deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
Name: test-deployment-app-whoami
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 17:44:30 +0800
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=3
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration=（略）
kubernetes.io/change-cause=kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.8
Selector: app=whoami
Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy:25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels:app=whoami
Containers:
whoami:
Image: opera443399/whoami:0.8
Port: 80/TCP
Environment:<none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type StatusReason
---- ------------
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:<none>
NewReplicaSet: test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
NormalScalingReplicaSet18m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 3
NormalScalingReplicaSet7m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet7m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet7m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet7m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet7m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 3
NormalScalingReplicaSet7m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 0
NormalScalingReplicaSet2m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet2m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet2m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet2m (x3 over 2m)deployment-controller(combined from similar events): Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 0
# kubectl rollout history deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployments "test-deployment-app-whoami"
REVISIONCHANGE-CAUSE
1 kubectl apply --filename=/root/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml --record=true
2 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
3 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.8
### 符合预期，我们现在有了 3 个版本
回滚 app
回滚到上一个版本
# kubectl rollout undo deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami"
# kubectl rollout history deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployments "test-deployment-app-whoami"
REVISIONCHANGE-CAUSE
1 kubectl apply --filename=/root/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml --record=true
3 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.8
4 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf 0 0 0 16m
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 3 3 3 22m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 0 0 0 33m
# kubectl describe deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
Name: test-deployment-app-whoami
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 17:44:30 +0800
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=4
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration=（略）
kubernetes.io/change-cause=kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
Selector: app=whoami
Replicas: 3 desired 3 updated 3 total 3 available 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: app=whoami
Containers:
whoami:
Image: opera443399/whoami:0.7
Port: 80/TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type Status Reason
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: <none>
NewReplicaSet: test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 27m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 3
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 17m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 17m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 17m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 1
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 17m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 3
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 16m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 0
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 1
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 11m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m (x2 over 17m) deployment-controller Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 1
Normal DeploymentRollback 1m deployment-controller Rolled back deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" to revision 2
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 1m (x8 over 11m) deployment-controller (combined from similar events): Scaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 0
- 回滚到指定的版本
```bash
# kubectl rollout undo deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami --to-revision=1
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami"
# kubectl rollout history deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployments "test-deployment-app-whoami"
REVISIONCHANGE-CAUSE
3 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.8
4 kubectl set image deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami whoami=opera443399/whoami:0.7
5 kubectl apply --filename=/root/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml --record=true
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf 0 0 0 16m
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 0 0 0 22m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 3 3 3 33m
# kubectl describe deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
Name: test-deployment-app-whoami
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 17:44:30 +0800
Labels: app=whoami
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=5
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration=（略）
kubernetes.io/change-cause=kubectl apply --filename=/root/k8s_install/test/whoami/app.yaml --record=true
Selector: app=whoami
Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy:25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels:app=whoami
Containers:
whoami:
Image: opera443399/whoami:0.9
Port: 80/TCP
Environment:<none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type StatusReason
---- ------------
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:<none>
NewReplicaSet: test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
NormalScalingReplicaSet 29m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 3
NormalScalingReplicaSet 19m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet 19m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet 19m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet 19m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 3
NormalScalingReplicaSet 19m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 0
NormalScalingReplicaSet 13m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet 13m deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet 13m deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf to 2
NormalScalingReplicaSet 3m (x2 over 19m) deployment-controllerScaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 1
NormalDeploymentRollback3m deployment-controllerRolled back deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" to revision 2
NormalDeploymentRollback29s deployment-controllerRolled back deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" to revision 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet 27s (x12 over 13m)deployment-controller(combined from similar events): Scaled up replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 to 3
NormalScalingReplicaSet 27s deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 1
NormalScalingReplicaSet 26s deployment-controllerScaled down replica set test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 to 0
扩缩容 app
扩容
### 调整副本数量到 10 个
# kubectl scale deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami --replicas=10
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" scaled
查看信息
# kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami 10 10 10 10 39m
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf 0 0 0 23m
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 0 0 0 29m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 10 10 10 39m
# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-2dd5m 1/1 Running 0 36s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-4nx7x 1/1 Running 0 36s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-bb7v7 1/1 Running 0 10m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-c7cht 1/1 Running 0 36s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-dph22 1/1 Running 0 36s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-jhtqz 1/1 Running 0 10m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-jjfp5 1/1 Running 0 36s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-nlqq5 1/1 Running 0 36s
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-px24h 1/1 Running 0 10m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-rldhd 1/1 Running 0 36s
- 缩容
```bash
### 调整副本数量到 5 个
# kubectl scale deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami --replicas=5
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" scaled
### 查看信息
# kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami 5 5 5 5 41m
# kubectl get rs
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-68b94dd7bf 0 0 0 25m
test-deployment-app-whoami-68c6cd964 0 0 0 30m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4 5 5 5 41m
# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-2dd5m 1/1 Running 0 2m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-bb7v7 1/1 Running 0 12m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-c7cht 1/1 Running 0 2m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-jhtqz 1/1 Running 0 12m
test-deployment-app-whoami-6cf9cd6bf4-px24h 1/1 Running 0 12m
删除
# kubectl delete deployments/test-deployment-app-whoami
deployment "test-deployment-app-whoami" deleted
# kubectl get deployments
No resources found.
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