Docker镜像构建
一、docker镜像构建1、环境准备
环境准备
IP主机名操作系统
192.168.56.11linux-node1centos7
注意：我这里使用的是centos7，如果是使用centos5或者centos6，需要升级操作系统内核，否则Docker的许多新功能都无法使用2、构建方式
- 手动构建
- 自动构建，（通过Dockerfile方式）3、删除原有镜像
为了防止干扰，将以前创建的容器全部删掉。
切记
切记
切记：生产环境慎用。
否则真的会发生从删除到跑路。。。获取容器ID
# docker ps -a -q #获取所有容器ID
4c37ade49a7a
1a0ec7a5b1a5
fd11374b2a58
cbc91bef8ea7
1b1113fe3b8e
c4c9b4947e61
17df7e2a5667
4d5a21ea94e0
d6e7283abf0a
7ada4ff8323a
c627741a7dc1
9476c8be9125然后停掉所有的容器
# docker kill $(docker ps -a -q)
4c37ade49a7a
1b1113fe3b8e
c4c9b4947e61
17df7e2a5667
c627741a7dc1
Failed to kill container (1a0ec7a5b1a5): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container 1a0ec7a5b1a5: Container 1a0ec7a5b1a5d931f2f887ee2fb3680d9d56b109be37044414346269f2a0bf72 is not running
Failed to kill container (fd11374b2a58): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container fd11374b2a58: Container fd11374b2a58741542c931a4eb661c6a8f3a230a13057d28a96e1cdb6c898530 is not running
Failed to kill container (cbc91bef8ea7): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container cbc91bef8ea7: Container cbc91bef8ea779668a696046c1aa905ba2dc65e64ed5b403633b3284e00ec126 is not running
Failed to kill container (4d5a21ea94e0): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container 4d5a21ea94e0: Container 4d5a21ea94e0df102198812fd899d8293198a2376dd5d952642113b76448ca65 is not running
Failed to kill container (d6e7283abf0a): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container d6e7283abf0a: Container d6e7283abf0a7e423576df645ac36c35a691153d06d63439faf72d3ce3037529 is not running
Failed to kill container (7ada4ff8323a): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container 7ada4ff8323a: Container 7ada4ff8323ad67e33fa4c52cd585a46cf9e62733505a54a7a7eb13cf33c0873 is not running
Failed to kill container (9476c8be9125): Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container 9476c8be9125: Container 9476c8be91256e20da7f567f5a261f3f754b736ab6402c714180db713e3d346b is not running删除所有容器
# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
4c37ade49a7a
1a0ec7a5b1a5
fd11374b2a58
cbc91bef8ea7
1b1113fe3b8e
c4c9b4947e61
17df7e2a5667
4d5a21ea94e0
d6e7283abf0a
7ada4ff8323a
c627741a7dc1
9476c8be9125二、创建镜像
1、手动创建镜像
手动创建一个Nginx的镜像
root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run --name mynginx -it centos #运行一个docker容器
# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm #配置epel源
Retrieving http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.QKhuVj: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Preparing... #################################
Updating / installing...
1:epel-release-7-8 #################################
# yum install -y nginx #通过方式安装nginx
编辑nginx配置文件，让它前台运行
# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
daemon off; #是否以守护进程的方式运行nginx，守护进程是指脱离终端并且在后头运行的进程，关闭守护进程执行的方式可以让我们方便调试nginx
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;将镜像提交到本地
# docker commit -m "my nginx" 312bc2c902da onepiece/mynginx:v1
sha256:273e37f59d87495c481ef8c23d32b33723103799aeb1194c1c632703fc70ad9f
提交到本地
-m是描述，后面跟容器ID ，onepiece是一个仓库名称查看镜像
# docker images #可以看到我们刚才创建的镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
onepiece/mynginx v1 273e37f59d87 4 minutes ago 261.9 MB创建端口映射
# docker run --name mynginxv1 -d -p 81:80 onepiece/mynginx:v1 nginx
3213254d75a9ab740c180cca295b427a408f8a50881cf844dfcc3f904751e53b
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3213254d75a9 onepiece/mynginx:v1 "nginx" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp mynginxv1
#使用之前创建的脚本登录到容器
# ./docker_in.sh mynginxv1
# cd /var/log/nginx/
# ls
access.logerror.log
# cat access.log #查看容器的访问日志
192.168.56.1 - - "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3700 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.56.1 - - "GET /nginx-logo.png HTTP/1.1" 200 368 "http://192.168.56.11:81/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/537.36" "-"2、基于Dockerfile创建镜像
Dockerfile:是一种文本格式
首先我们先规划一下Dockerfile的所在目录，例如/opt/dockerfile/nginx
注意：D必须是大写。当使用Dockerfile构建镜像时，它会在当前目录下去读一个名称为Dockerfile的文件。
# cat Dockerfile
#base images
FROM centos #除了注释的第一行，必须是FROM centos，用于设置基础镜像
#maintainer
MAINTAINER JackyWang#维护信息
#Commands
RUN rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
RUN yum install -y nginx && yum clean all #RUN作为关键字，后面接要运行的命令
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html#ADD是关键字， 添加一个首页文件
#index.html是放在当前目录下
EXPOSE 80 #对外开放的是80端口
CMD ["nginx"] #镜像启动时，启动的是nginx命令写好Dockerfile后，我们开始构建
# docker build -t mynginx:v2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB
Step 1 : FROM centos
---> 980e0e4c79ec
Step 2 : MAINTAINER JackyWang
---> Using cache
---> 33f84558f81d
Step 3 : RUN rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
---> Using cache
---> 21a39298e95b
Step 4 : RUN yum install -y nginx && yum clean all
---> Using cache
---> c16994d2c471
Step 5 : RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
---> Using cache
---> 39308efba34d
Step 6 : ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
---> Using cache
---> 86464cc2b1d3
Step 7 : EXPOSE 80
---> Using cache
---> 89a262db6b6c
Step 8 : CMD nginx
---> Using cache
---> f735be220129
Successfully built f735be220129
从记录信息中我们可以看到docker每一步都做了什么构建后运行容器，可以正常运行。
# docker run --name mynginxv2 -d -p 82:80 mynginx:v2
6ec8783771d6aa06ec0c8628c9fa643c47efcca8b698ab5f6a4dade5c3cb335d
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