docker命令详解（一）
docker commandUsage: docker COMMAND
docker daemon [ --help | ... ]
docker [ -h | --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
--config=~/.docker Location of client config files
-D,--debug=false Enable debug mode
-H,--host=[] Daemonsocket(s) to connect to
-h,--help=false Print usage
-l,--log-level=info Set the logginglevel
--tls=false Use TLS; implied by--tlsverify
--tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote
-v,--version=false Print version information and quit
attach
Attach to a running container
将终端依附到容器上
Usage:docker attach CONTAINER
Attach to a running container
--help=false Print usage
--no-stdin=false Do not attach STDIN
--sig-proxy=true Proxy all received signals to the process
为后端运行的交互式的容器启用一个终端与之交互。
1.后台有一个可以交互的容器.
2.启动该容器.
3.通过attach启动终端与之交互
build
Usage:docker build PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile
--build-arg=[] Set build-time variables
--cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cgroup-parent= Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cpu-period=0 Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota=0 Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpuset-cpus= CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems= MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--disable-content-trust=true Skip image verification
-f, --file= Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
--force-rm=false Always remove intermediate containers
--help=false Print usage
-m, --memory= Memory limit
--memory-swap= Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
--no-cache=false Do not use cache when building the image
--pull=false Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
-q, --quiet=false Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers
--rm=true Remove intermediate containers after a successful build
-t, --tag= Repository name (and optionally a tag) for the image
--ulimit=[] Ulimit options
通过Dockerfile创建镜像。具体见以后的使用中。
commit
Usage:docker commit CONTAINER ]
Create a new image from a container's changes
-a, --author= Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-c, --change=[] Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
--help=false Print usage
-m, --message= Commit message
-p, --pause=true Pause container during commit
通过容器创建本地镜像.
可自定义tag，如docker commit dc806ee0bf86 web:v1
不指定tag的情况下默认tag为latest
root@ubuntu:~# docker commit dc806ee0bf86test
1e488386876e14ef3e930a98ec0bb49de1890963e2e979069f9f4d87f89f4959
cp
Usage:docker cp CONTAINER:PATH LOCALPATH|-
docker cp LOCALPATH|- CONTAINER:PATH
Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
container source to stdout.
容器和宿主机之间相互copy文件
1.将容器:/data/a.txt复制到本地当前目录
# docker cp 87cb69be18bb:/data/a.txt ./
2.将本地文件复制到容器:/data/backup目录下
#docker cp helpdocker.tgz87cb69be18bb:/data/backup/
3.将本地目录复制到容器:/data/backup目录下
#docker cp data 87cb69be18bb:/data/backup
create
Usage:docker create IMAGE
Create a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--blkio-weight=0 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
--cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent= Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile= Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period=0 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota=0 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpuset-cpus= CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems= MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--device=[] Add a host device to the container
--disable-content-trust=true Skip image verification
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-opt=[] Set DNS options
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint= Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports
--group-add=[] Add additional groups to join
-h, --hostname= Container host name
--help=false Print usage
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ipc= IPC namespace to use
--kernel-memory= Kernel memory limit
-l, --label=[] Set meta data on a container
--label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link=[] Add link to another container
--log-driver= Logging driver for container
--log-opt=[] Log driver options
--lxc-conf=[] Add custom lxc options
-m, --memory= Memory limit
--mac-address= Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--memory-reservation= Memory soft limit
--memory-swap= Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
--memory-swappiness=-1 Tuning container memory swappiness (0 to 100)
--name= Assign a name to the container
--net=default Set the Network for the container
--oom-kill-disable=false Disable OOM Killer
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host
--pid= PID namespace to use
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart=no Restart policy to apply when a container exits
--security-opt=[] Security Options
--stop-signal=SIGTERM Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--ulimit=[] Ulimit options
--uts= UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume
--volume-driver= Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir= Working directory inside the container
创建但不启动一个容器.具体参数同docker run.
diff
Usage:docker diff CONTAINER
Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
--help=false Print usage
查看容器内发生变化的文件。
# docker diff 87cb69be18bb
A /data
A /data/a.txt
A /data/b
A /data/backup
A /data/backup/data
A /data/backup/helpdocker.tgz
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
events
Usage:docker events
Get real time events from the server
-f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided
--help=false Print usage
--since= Show all events created since timestamp
--until= Stream events until this timestamp
实时输出docker服务器端的事件，包括容器的创建、启动、关闭等。
# docker events
2016-08-26T10:42:08.001137030+08:00 87cb69be18bbe74ea9e14b16228ccc3347dcffb3e074fa303ca32deb46417105: (from ubuntu:14.04) die
exec
Usage:docker exec CONTAINER COMMAND
Run a command in a running container
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background
--help=false Print usage
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to the command
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
通过宿主机在正在运行的容器上执行命令。
通过宿主机在容器上创建文件
# docker exec 87cb69be18bb touch/root/abc.txt
可通过exec命令申请一个终端，执行shell
# docker exec -it 87cb69be18bb /bin/bash
root@87cb69be18bb:/# ls
abcbinbootdatadevetchomeifconfigliblib64mediamntoptprocrootrunsbinsrvsystmpusrvar
export
Usage:docker export CONTAINER
Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
--help=false Print usage
-o, --output= Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
将容器的文件系统打包成tar文件
两种方式：
# docker export 87cb69be18bb > web.tar
# docker export -o web.tar 87cb69be18bb
history
Usage:docker history IMAGE
Show the history of an image
-H, --human=true Print sizes and dates in human readable format
--help=false Print usage
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
显示一个镜像的历史
root@ubuntu:~# docker history ubuntu:14.04
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
d9560c05d6bd 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B
001bed837092 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c sed -i 's/^#\s*\(deb.*universe\)$/ 1.895 kB
92b3f03280cc 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* 0 B
24e6f8fb4abf 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /u 194.6 kB
50ed19911a3e 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4f5a660d3f5141588d 187.8 MB
images
Usage:docker images ]
List images
-a, --all=false Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests=false Show digests
-f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided
--help=false Print usage
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
显示所有的镜像.
import
Usage:docker import file|URL|- ]
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
-c, --change=[] Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
--help=false Print usage
-m, --message= Set commit message for imported image
根据export出的tar文件创建一个镜像.
# docker import web.tar web
info
Usage:docker info
Display system-wide information
--help=false Print usage
# docker info
Containers: 1
Images: 25
Server Version: 1.9.1
Storage Driver: aufs
Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Dirs: 27
Dirperm1 Supported: false
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 3.13.0-32-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 986.8 MiB
Name: ubuntu
ID: ALLP:KE4W:ITY7:WUL6:QKUG:4CGB:R6IA:2UXG:227D:K6BF:EDLL:27TX
WARNING: No swap limit support
inspect
Usage:docker inspect CONTAINER|IMAGE
Return low-level information on a container or image
-f, --format= Format the output using the given go template
--help=false Print usage
-s, --size=false Display total file sizes if the type is container
--type= Return JSON for specified type, (e.g image or container)
用于查看容器的配置信息，包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。
# docker inspect 87cb69be18bb
kill
Usage:docker kill CONTAINER
Kill a running container
--help=false Print usage
-s, --signal=KILL Signal to send to the container
强制终止容器
关于stop和kill的区别，docker stop命令给容器中的进程发送SIGTERM信号，默认行为是会导致容器退出，当然，容器内程序可以捕获该信号并自行处理，例如可以选择忽略。而dockerkill则是给容器的进程发送SIGKILL信号，该信号将会使容器必然退出。
load
Usage:docker load
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
--help=false Print usage
-i, --input= Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN
与下面的save命令相对应，将下面sava命令打包的镜像通过load命令导入。
login
Usage:docker login
Register or log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.
-e, --email= Email
--help=false Print usage
-p, --password= Password
-u, --username= Username
登录到自己的Docker register，需有Docker Hub的注册账号.
logout
Usage:docker logout
Log out from a Docker registry.
If no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.
--help=false Print usage
从Docker register退出登录。
logs
Fetch the logs of a container
-f, --follow=false Follow log output
--help=false Print usage
--since= Show logs since timestamp
-t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps
--tail=all Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
用于查看容器的日志，它将输入(出)到容器标准输入(出)的数据，作为日志输出到docker logs命令的终端上。常用于后台型容器。
87cb69be18bb是一个数据流为输入、输出和错误和容器，如下命令则会打印该容器的所有交互日志。
# docker logs 87cb69be18bb
页:
[1]