z7369 发表于 2018-7-17 07:00:04

cisco路由器常用的查看端口和通道状况的命令

  原文地址:www.net527.cn/a/luyoujiaohuan/Ciscojishu/2010/1209/15610.html
  下面以Cisco1800路由器为例,介绍一下常用的查看端口和通道状况的命令。
   在MS-DOS窗口里敲入命令telnet+IP地址,回车,即可远程登录路由器。一般用路由器局域网口地址。
  
  1,用R1#sh ip int b命令查看端口状态
  R1#sh ip int b
  InterfaceIP-AddressOK? MethodStatusProtocol
  FastEthernet0/0100.100.100.226YES NVRAMupup
  FastEthernet0/1200.200.200.226YES NVRAMupup
  Serial0/0/072.22.81.102YES NVRAMupup
  Serial0/0/172.22.81.109YES NVRAMupup
   正常情况下,思科1800路由器四个端口的Status和protocol都是up的。
  2,用R1#sh int s0/0/0查看链路状态和通道情况
  Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up//接口与协议都已启动(正常)
  Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down//接口启动,协议没有匹配成功(端口无物理故障,但通道不通)
  Serial0/0/0 is down, line protocol is down//接口与协议都DOWN掉(协转没有工作)
  Serial0/0/0 is down,line protocol is down(disable)//端口出现物理性故障,需更换端口。
  Serial0/0/0 is administratively down,line protocol is down //接口关闭,可用命令打开。
  Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down(looped)//此通道上有环(无论在协转、DDF架、SDH上做环,在路由器里看到的显示是一样的)。
  
  Serial0 is up, line protocol is down
   Hardware is PowerQUICC Serial
   Interface is unnumbered. Using address of FastEthernet0/0 (172.22.128.193)
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
  > //通道的可靠性
   Encapsulation PPP, LCP Listen, loopback not set
   Last input 00:00:27, output 00:00:27, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:02:52//上次计数器清零到现在的时间
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
   Conversations0/2/256 (active/max active/max total)
   Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
   Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   30 packets input, 420 bytes, 0 no buffer
   Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
   6552 input errors, 0 CRC, 4 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort// 输入错误包数量
   60 packets output, 840 bytes, 0 underruns
   0 output errors, 0 collisions, 9 interface resets
   0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
   0 carrier transitions
   DCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=up
   通道的可靠性,正常值是255/255,如果低于254将会造成丢包。可靠性越低,通道越差,错误包越多。
  
   DCD数据载体检测DTE CARrfer derect
   DSR数据设置就绪DATA SET READY
   DTR数据终端就绪DTE IS READY
   RTS请求发送Reguest To Send
   CTS清除发送Clear To send
  3,路由器端口计数器清零
   有故障的通道往往造成路由器接口的输入错误包数量很高,不便于比较查看。这时最好把接口数据包计数器清零,使其重新开始计数。用R1#clear coun命令清零。
  R1#clear coun
  4,判断以太网端口故障
   用R1#sh int f0/0 来检查以太网口及其链路的状态,如下所示:
  R1#sh int f0/0
  FastEthernet 0 is up,line protocol is up//连接正常
  Ethernet 0 is up,line protocol is down//连接故障,路由器没有连接到局域网
  Ethernet 0 is down,line protocol is down(disable)//接口故障
  Ethernet 0 is administratively down,line protocol is down //接口被关闭,可用命令打开
  5,查看相邻路由器
   用R2#sh cdp nei命令查看相邻路由器,输出如下:
  R2#sh cdp nei
  Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
   S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater
  Device> Local IntrfceHoldtmeCapabilityPlatformPort>
  R1Ser 0/0/0133R S I1841Ser 0/0/1
  S2_SW1Fas 0/0125S IWS-C2960-2Fas 0/6
  S2_SW2Fas 0/1140S IWS-C2960-2Fas 0/22
  R3Ser 0/0/1156R S I1841Ser 0/0/0
   此命令可以查看到相邻的思科路由器和思科交换机,可以验证设备是否相通,以及连接关系是否正确。
  6,观察路由器告警和报错信息
   路由器发生故障或状态发生变化的时候,会发出告警、报错、提示信息。如果是用telnet命令登录路由器的话,不能直接看到这些信息,需要输入R1# ter mon命令后,才能使这些信息显示在MS-DOS窗口上。
  R1#ter mon
   该命令可以使你及时了解路由器状态变化,便于发现和排除故障。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: cisco路由器常用的查看端口和通道状况的命令