赵小黑 发表于 2018-7-22 07:02:12

Cisco路由器I0S升级方法

  前不久,朋友在对一台带语音模快的CISCO2610进行IOS升级时,由于路由器的内存(flash)为8M,IOS软件为7M多,升级后路由器无法正常启动。启动后到rommon 1 >状态,请求帮助。由于本人长期从事计算机网络管理工作,在对CISCO路由器的长期日常维护和管理实践中积累了一定的经验。现总结归纳出CISCO路由器IOS映像升级的几种方法,供广大网络爱好者或同仁参考。在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前,有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似,它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中,其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统(Internetwork Operating System),常简称为IOS。路由器的存储器主要有:
ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本;RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构;FLASH (闪存):用来存储IOS软件映像文件,闪存是可以擦除内存,它能够用IOS的新版本覆写,IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。NVRAM:非易失性随机访问存储器,用来存储系统的配置文件。IOS升级方法一在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在升级较大IOS映象文件时,建议用3Cserver),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例:D:\\),并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录(如D:\\)。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1;2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32(与计算机的IP地址同网段即可)。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来,防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用;Router# dir flash: (查看目前IOS映象文件名,也可用Router#Show version)Directory of flash:/1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)Router#copy flash tftp (备份IOS文件)Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址)Destination filename ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!…!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)Router#3、对路由器进行IOS升级;Router#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址)Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin (需升级的新IOS映象文件名)Destination filename ?Do you want to over write? Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...Erase flash: before copying? Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedeeErase of flash: completeLoading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!  …
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Verifying checksum... OK (0xA0C0)5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)Router#IOS升级方法二由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时,开启路由器时、或者在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下,即Router(boot)>enRouter(boot)#其他升级步骤同方法一,即:执行copy tftp flash命令,对IOS进行升级。升级完成后,不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102(恢复正常值)。Router(boot)# tRouter(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102Router(boot)( config)#exitRouter(boot)#wrRouter(boot)#reload重启即可。IOS升级方法三由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即 rommon 1>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1>状态下,可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号,每执行1条命令自动加1)rommon 1 > ?alias set and display aliases commandboot boot up an external processbreak set/show/clear the breakpointconfreg configuration register utilitycont continue executing a downloaded imagecontext display the context of a loaded imagecookie display contents of cookie PROM in hexdev list the device tabledir list files in file systemdis display instruction streamdnld serial download a program moduleframe print out a selected stack framehelp monitor builtin command helphistory monitor command historymeminfo main memory informationrepeat repeat a monitor commandreset system resetset display the monitor variablesstack produce a stack tracesync write monitor environment to NVRAMsysret print out info from last system returntftpdnld tftp image downloadunalias unset an aliasunset unset a monitor variablexmodem x/ymodem image downloadrommon 2 >在rommon 1>状态下有两种升级IOS方法。(一)、通过Xmodem命令(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)升级IOS,具体步骤如下:1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。2、在这个模式下,输入Xmodem命令,即:rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin(-c是带校验,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件)WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.Do you wish to continue? y/n : yReady to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ... (此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。)Erasing flash at 0x607c0000program flash location 0x605b0000Download Complete!传完以后,对整个系统初始化 显示如下:program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000,>Self decompressing the image : #################################################### Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10Using iomem percentage: 10Restricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure by the Government issubject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - RestrictedRights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and ComputerSoftware clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.cisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, California 95134-1706Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9,>TAC Support:
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