自动化运维之saltstack（三）常用模块使用之file
1、file.accessfile.access：测试salt进程对指定文件是否有访问权限
# salt '*' file.access /etc/passwd f
server02:
True
server03:
True
# salt '*' file.access /etc/passwd r
server03:
True
server02:
True
# salt '*' file.access /etc/passwd w
server02:
True
server03:
True
# salt '*' file.access /etc/passwd x
server02:
False
server03:
False
#
2、file.touch
file.touch：如果文件不存在创建文件，相当于touch file,如果存在就更新访问时间或者修改时间
# salt '*' file.touch /opt/salt-test
server03:
True
server02:
True
# salt '*' cmd.run 'stat /opt/salt-test'
server03:
File: '/opt/salt-test'
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file
Device: 803h/2051dInode: 134776101 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2017-06-14 01:58:22.354868060 -0400
Modify: 2017-06-14 01:58:22.354868060 -0400
Change: 2017-06-14 01:58:22.354868060 -0400
Birth: -
server02:
File: '/opt/salt-test'
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file
Device: 803h/2051dInode: 134326635 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2017-06-14 01:58:22.380650895 -0400
Modify: 2017-06-14 01:58:22.380650895 -0400
Change: 2017-06-14 01:58:22.380650895 -0400
Birth: -
#
3、file.append
file.append：向文件末尾追加内容
# salt '*' file.append /opt/salt-test "salt test file001"
server02:
Wrote 1 lines to "/opt/salt-test"
server03:
Wrote 1 lines to "/opt/salt-test"
# salt '*' file.append /opt/salt-test "salt test file002"
server03:
Wrote 1 lines to "/opt/salt-test"
server02:
Wrote 1 lines to "/opt/salt-test"
# salt '*' file.append /opt/salt-test "salt test file003"
server02:
Wrote 1 lines to "/opt/salt-test"
server03:
Wrote 1 lines to "/opt/salt-test"
#
查看追加结果：
# salt '*' cmd.run 'cat /opt/salt-test'
server02:
salt test file001
salt test file002
salt test file003
server03:
salt test file001
salt test file002
salt test file003
#
4、file.basename 和file.dirname
file.basename：返回给定路径的最后一部分
# salt '*' file.basename /opt/salt-test
server03:
salt-test
server02:
salt-test
# salt '*' file.basename /usr/local/webserver
server03:
webserver
server02:
webserver
#
file.dirname：返回指定路径的目录部分
# salt '*' file.dirname /opt/salt-test
server03:
/opt
server02:
/opt
# salt '*' file.dirname /usr/local/webserver
server02:
/usr/local
server03:
/usr/local
#
5、file.chgrp和file.chown
file.chgrp：修改文件的数组
file.chown：修改文件的属主和数组
file.chgrp用法：
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -al /opt/salt-test'
server03:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
server02:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
# salt '*' file.chgrp /opt/salt-test nginx
server03:
None
server02:
None
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -al /opt/salt-test'
server02:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root nginx 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
server03:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root nginx 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
#
file.chown用法：
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -al /opt/salt-test'
server02:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root nginx 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
server03:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root nginx 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
# salt '*' file.chown /opt/salt-test nginx nginx
server02:
None
server03:
None
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -al /opt/salt-test'
server03:
-rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
server02:
-rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 54 Jun 14 02:01 /opt/salt-test
#
6、file.copy
file.copy：从源目录拷贝文件到目标目录。如果要拷贝目录，需要添加recurse标签，默认情况下会覆盖目标目录中的相同路径的文件，并保留其他文件。remove_existing选项会提前移除目标目录中的所有文件，然后再从源路径拷贝文件到目标路径
# salt '*' file.copy /etc/hosts /opt/hosts
server03:
True
server02:
True
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -al /opt/hosts'
server02:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 323 Jun 14 02:18 /opt/hosts
server03:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 323 Jun 14 02:18 /opt/hosts
#
# salt '*' file.copy /var/spool/cron/ /tmp/ recurse=True
server03:
True
server02:
True
#salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/'
server03:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52 Jun 14 02:21 root
server02:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52 Jun 14 02:21 root
#
# salt '*' file.copy /var/spool/cron/ /tmp/ recurse=True remove_existing=True
server03:
ERROR: Could not copy '/var/spool/cron/' to '/tmp/'
server02:
ERROR: Could not copy '/var/spool/cron/' to '/tmp/'
#
添加remove_existing=True参数报错，翻阅了一些资料，没知道对应的解释，不知道有没有人知道到底哪里出问题了，坐等指点!!!!
7、file.diskusage
file.diskusage：递归计算指定目录所占的磁盘空间并以字节为单位返回计算出的值
# salt '*' file.diskusage /etc/passwd
server03:
1126
server02:
1126
# salt '*' file.diskusage /etc/shadow
server03:
708
server02:
708
#
8、file.find
file,find：返回指定搜索条件的文件路径，与Linux中的find命令，参数也兼容find命令
# salt '*' file.find /etc/ name=minion
server03:
- /etc/salt/minion
- /etc/salt/pki/minion
server02:
- /etc/salt/minion
- /etc/salt/pki/minion
#
9、file.get_gid、file.get_group、file.get_uid、file.get_user分别表示返回指定文件的数组ID，返回指定文件的数组，返回指定文件的属主id、返回指定文件的属
# salt '*' file.get_gid /etc/shadow
server02:
0
server03:
0
# salt '*' file.get_group /etc/shadow
server03:
root
server02:
root
# salt '*' file.get_uid /etc/shadow
server03:
0
server02:
0
# salt '*' file.get_user /etc/shadow
server02:
root
server03:
root
#
10、file.grep
file.grep：返回指定文件中查找字符串，跟Linux下grep命令类似，参数可以兼容grep命令
# salt '*' file.grep/etc/passwd ssh
server03:
----------
pid:
28202
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
server02:
----------
pid:
13034
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
#
# salt '*' file.grep /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 DNS " -i"
server02:
----------
pid:
13096
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
DNS1=114.114.114.114
server03:
----------
pid:
28286
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
DNS1=114.114.114.114
#
11、file.makdirs
file.makedirs：创建目录，需要确认目录所包含的路径是否可用。注意，路径末尾一定要加"/"，否则就会被当做父目录，比如传入/tmp/pfile。就会被当做/tmp/处理，而传入/tmp/pfile/则会被当做/tmp/pfile/处理。另外，虽然该模块名称包含的dirs，但是其实无法批量创建多个目录，如果传入多个参数默认值处理第一个参数，但是可以创建多级目录，及时上级目录不存在。
# salt '*' file.makedirs /tmp/pfile
server03:
Directory '/tmp' already exists
server02:
Directory '/tmp' already exists
# salt '*' file.makedirs /tmp/pfile/
server02:
None
server03:
None
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/'
server03:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:43 pfile
server02:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:43 pfile
#
# salt '*' file.makedirs /tmp/test01/test02/test03/test04/
server03:
None
server02:
None
# salt '*' cmd.run 'tree /tmp/'
server03:
/tmp/
|-- pfile
`-- test01
`-- test02
`-- test03
`-- test04
5 directories, 0 files
server02:
/tmp/
|-- pfile
`-- test01
`-- test02
`-- test03
`-- test04
5 directories, 0 files
#
12、file.mkdir
file.mkdir：确认一个目录是否可用，如果可以用，就创建目录，与上面的file.makedirs不同的是，参数的末尾可以不带"/"，也可以创建成功。另外，该模块支持批量创建多个目录，也支持创建多级目录
# salt '*' file.mkdir /tmp/saltdir
server03:
None
server02:
None
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp'
server03:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root6 Jun 14 04:43 pfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 20 Jun 14 04:44 test01
server02:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root6 Jun 14 04:43 pfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 20 Jun 14 04:44 test01
# salt '*' file.mkdir /tmp/saltdir01 /tmp/saltdir02 /tmp/saltdir03
server02:
None
server03:
None
# salt '*' file.mkdir /tmp/pfile/saltfile
server03:
None
server02:
None
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/saltdir*'
server02:
/tmp/saltdir:
total 0
/tmp/saltdir01:
total 0
server03:
/tmp/saltdir:
total 0
/tmp/saltdir01:
total 0
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -ld /tmp/pfile/saltfile'
server03:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 /tmp/pfile/saltfile
server02:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 /tmp/pfile/saltfile
#
13、file.move
file.move：移动一个文件或者目录
# salt '*' file.move /tmp/pfile/saltfile /tmp/move-saltfile
server02:
----------
comment:
'/tmp/pfile/saltfile' moved to '/tmp/move-saltfile'
result:
True
server03:
----------
comment:
'/tmp/pfile/saltfile' moved to '/tmp/move-saltfile'
result:
True
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -ld /tmp/move-saltfile'
server03:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 /tmp/move-saltfile
server02:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 /tmp/move-saltfile
#
14、file.remove
file.remove：删除文件。注意：该模块一次只能接受一个参数。
# salt '*' file.remove /tmp/test01
server02:
True
server03:
True
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/'
server02:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 move-saltfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:54 pfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 saltdir01
server03:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 move-saltfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:54 pfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 saltdir01
#
15、file.rename
file.rename：重命名一个文件或者目录
# salt '*' file.rename /tmp/saltdir /tmp/saltdir-rename
server03:
True
server02:
True
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/'
server02:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 move-saltfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:54 pfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Jun 14 05:01 salt-test-file
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir-rename
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 saltdir01
server03:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 move-saltfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:54 pfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Jun 14 05:01 salt-test-file
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir-rename
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 saltdir01
# salt '*' file.rename /tmp/salt-test-file /tmp/salt-test-file-rename
server03:
True
server02:
True
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/'
server03:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 move-saltfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:54 pfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Jun 14 05:01 salt-test-file-rename
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir-rename
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 saltdir01
server02:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 move-saltfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:54 pfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Jun 14 05:01 salt-test-file-rename
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:49 saltdir-rename
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jun 14 04:50 saltdir01
#
16、file.stats
file.stats：返回包含指定文件状态的词典
# salt '*' file.stats /etc/shadow
server03:
----------
atime:
1497423661.56
ctime:
1497420465.01
gid:
0
group:
root
inode:
67109282
mode:
0
mtime:
1497420465.01
size:
708
target:
/etc/shadow
type:
file
uid:
0
user:
root
server02:
----------
atime:
1497423661.24
ctime:
1497420465.01
gid:
0
group:
root
inode:
67109305
mode:
0
mtime:
1497420465.01
size:
708
target:
/etc/shadow
type:
file
uid:
0
user:
root
#
17、file.rmdir
file.rmdir：删除指定空目录，如果目录不为空，则执行失败，即返回失败。
# salt '*' file.rmdir /tmp/pfile
server02:
True
server03:
True
# salt '*' file.rmdir /tmp/saltdir01/
server03:
Directory not empty
server02:
Directory not empty
# salt '*' file.rmdir /tmp/saltdir01
server02:
Directory not empty
server03:
Directory not empty
#
18、file.search
file.search：搜索pattern参数是否出现在指定的文件中
# salt '*' file.search /etc/passwd root
server03:
True
server02:
True
# salt '*' file.search /etc/passwd 'ssh'
server02:
True
server03:
True
#
19、file.readdir
file.readdir：返回包含一个目录的内容列表
# salt '*' file.readdir /tmp/saltdir01
server03:
- .
- ..
- salt-test-file-rename
server02:
- .
- ..
- salt-test-file-rename
# salt '*' cmd.run 'ls -l /tmp/saltdir01/'
server02:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Jun 14 05:08 salt-test-file-rename
server03:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Jun 14 05:08 salt-test-file-rename
#
20、file.managed
当在系统中有些文件分部在成百上千台机器经常修改时，使用saltstack的file.managed管理文件状态就会让你方便很多。能让你一键完成这所有修改达到你想要的文件状态，
# tree
.
├── system
│ ├── files
│ │ └── hosts
│ └── hosts.sls
└── top.sls
2 directories, 3
files
# cat top.sls
base: #这里指定的环境是base，所以这个top.sls在/srv/salt/base目录下
"*": # “*”是所有主机的意思，指定单个主机直接写“salt-minion1”
- system.hosts #这里指调用了那些sls配置文件，“点”在这里是目录分级
#也就是system没有可以下的hosts.sls配置文件
[root@salt-master
base]# cat system/hosts.sls
/etc/hosts: #这个是配置ID和文件存放位置，是不可重复的
file.managed: #这里调用了“file.managed”salt的文件管理模块
- source: salt://system/files/hosts #source是指定文件源，"salt://"是指salt项目下文件
- mode: 644 #文件权限644
- user: root #文件用户属主
- group: root #文件的用户组
上面文件状态配置执行详解：
# salt 'salt-minion1' state.highstate
#salt '执行节点' 执行模块
下面是执行结果salt-minion1: #执行节点
----------
ID: /etc/hosts #配置ID
Function: file.managed #模块
Result: True #执行结果True为成功
Comment: File /etc/hosts updated #文件执行操作【更新】
Started: 14:15:55.120499 #执行命令开始时间
Duration: 24.284 ms #执行的时长
Changes: #是否产生更改
----------
diff:
---
+++
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain
+salt-master 10.0.0.11 #在这个带有“+”号的行是增加的,"-"号为减少行
+salt-minion1 10.0.0.21
Summary
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1) #执行成功1个，有一个文件状态发生更改
Failed: 0 #执行失败0个
------------
Total states run: 1 #执行状态个数
salt命令管理文件
salt “*”file.managed /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf salt://file/zabbix_agentd.conf root root 755salt的sls文件写法/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf:
file.managed:
- source: salt://file/zabbix_agentd.conf
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 755
目录管理file.directory
/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf.d:
file.directory:
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 755
- makedirs: Ture #如果此目录用户不存在自动创建
- recurse: #如果想强制将属注数组权限递归到文件夹内文件可以使用这个
- user
- group
- mode 在windows下好用吗。？
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