puppet结合SVN版本控制系统实现版本的集中化备份与恢复
一、介绍通过安装部署Puppet C/S模型，实现Puppet Server端管理所有被控制机的整个生命周期：从初始化到软件升级、从配置文件创建到测试部署、从系统维护到服务器迁移等。Puppet能够持续化的与被控制机进行交互，从而实现配置文件的及时检测更新。结合SVN版本控制系统，puppet可在更新之前将当前正在运行的环境以版本的方式保存到SVN版本控制系统中，方便以后通过puppet更新出错或者需要回滚到之前的某一个环境时快速恢复。
二、环境介绍
序号 服务器类型 版本/IP参数 1 PuppetMaster RHEL6.4 x86_64（192.168.100.110）
2 PuppetAgent RHEL5.8 x86_64（192.168.100.111）和RHEL5.7 x86_64（192.168.100.112）
3 SVN Service端 RHEL6.4 x86_64（192.168.100.110）
4 SVN Service端 RHEL6.4 x86_64（192.168.100.110）和Windows 8.1 x86_64(192.168.100.2)
编号 类型 主机名/软件名称 系统/软件版本 其他信息
1 Software Subversion 1.6.11-7 rpm package
2 Software TortoiseSVN 1.8.2.24708-x64-svn-1.8.3 msi
三、部署流程
1 SVN Server端部署
1.1 安装相关软件包
# yum install subversion
# svnserve –version#通过查看版本验证安装是否成功
svnserve, version 1.6.11 (r934486)
compiled Apr 12 2012, 11:09:11
Copyright (C) 2000-2009 CollabNet.
Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.tigris.org/
This product includes software developed by CollabNet (http://www.Collab.Net/).
The following repository back-end (FS) modules are available:
* fs_base : Module for working with a Berkeley DB repository.
* fs_fs : Module for working with a plain file (FSFS) repository.
Cyrus SASL authentication is available.
1.2 创建第一个版本库
# mkdir /svndata
# svnadmin create /svndata/puppet
# ll /svndata/puppet/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 22 13:29 conf
drwxr-sr-x 6 root root 4096 Oct 22 13:29 db
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 2 Oct 22 13:29 format
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 22 13:29 hooks
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 22 13:29 locks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root229 Oct 22 13:29 README.txt
2 通过Apache+ssl安全认证访问SVN服务器
2.1 安装相关软件包
# yum install httpd httpd-devel mod_dav_svn 2.2 创建SVN虚拟主机
# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/subversion.conf
LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so
LoadModule authz_svn_module modules/mod_authz_svn.so
Listen 8142
<VirtualHost *:8142>
<Location /svndata>
DAV svn
SVNListParentPath on
SVNPath "/svndata/puppet"
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion repository"
AuthUserFile "/svndata/puppet/conf/authfile"
#AuthzSVNAccessFile /svndata/puppet/conf/svn-acl-conf
Require valid-user
SVNAutoversioning on
ModMimeUsePathInfo on
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
2.3 创建svn权限配置文件
# vim puppet/conf/authz
admin = puppet
@admin = rw
[/]
* = r
[$name:/]
test = rw">>/svndata/puppet/conf/authz
2.4 创建用户名及密码并设置相应权限
# /usr/bin/htpasswd -c /svndata/puppet/conf/authfile puppet #创建SVN服务器账户puppet密码为redhat
New password: redhat
Re-type new password: redhat
Adding password for user puppet
# chown apache /svndata/puppet -R
# echo "puppet = redhat" >>/svndata/puppet/conf/passwd
2.5 配置SVN服务信息
# vim /svndata/puppet/conf/svnserve.conf
anon-access = none
auth-access = write
password-db = /svndata/puppet/conf/passwd
authz-db = /svndata/puppet/conf/authz
realm = puppet Repository
2.6 通过浏览器测试访问
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart #重启httpd服务
http://192.168.100.110:8142/svndata/
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-1.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-2.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
2.7 通过其他linux节点访问测试
# svn checkout http://192.168.100.110:8142/svndata//mnt/
Authentication realm: <http://192.168.100.110:8142> Puppet Subversion repository
Password for 'root':
Authentication realm: <http://192.168.100.110:8142> Puppet Subversion repository
Username: puppet
Password for 'puppet':
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ATTENTION!Your password for authentication realm:
<http://192.168.100.110:8142> Puppet Subversion repository
can only be stored to disk unencrypted!You are advised to configure
your system so that Subversion can store passwords encrypted, if
possible.See the documentation for details.
You can avoid future appearances of this warning by setting the value
of the 'store-plaintext-passwords' option to either 'yes' or 'no' in
'/root/.subversion/servers'.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Store password unencrypted (yes/no)? no
Checked out revision 0.
2.8 通过Windows客户端TortoiseSVN访问测试
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-3.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-4.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-5.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
备注：由于还为import版本，所以查看的内容为空
3 整合puppet server端
3.1 将puppet server模块目录导入到版本库中
# svn import /etc/puppet/environments/testing
http://192.168.100.110:8142/svndata/puppet -m "Puppet Initial repository"
Authentication realm: <http://192.168.100.110:8142> Puppet Subversion repository
Password for 'root':
Authentication realm: <http://192.168.100.110:8142> Puppet Subversion repository
Username: puppet
Password for 'puppet':
Adding /etc/puppet/environments/testing/groups
Adding /etc/puppet/environments/testing/groups/modules
Adding /etc/puppet/environments/testing/groups/modules/grub
Adding /etc/puppet/environments/testing/groups/modules/grub/files
Adding /etc/puppet/environments/testing/groups/modules/grub/manifests
…
Committed revision 1.
备注：由于SVN服务器端和puppetserver在同一台服务器上，也可以通过以下方式进行导入
# svn import /etc/puppet/environments/testing
file:///svndata/puppet -m "Puppet Initial repository"
3.2 通过IE浏览器访问SVN服务器
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-6.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
3.3 通过Windows客户端TortoiseSVN checkout最新的版本库到本地
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-7.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-8.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-9.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
3.4 删除puppetserver端testing目录，并将版本库中的数据导出
# cd /etc/puppet/environments/testing/
# rm -rf *#删除之前建议备份
# svn checkout
http://192.168.100.110:8142/svndata/puppet/etc/puppet/environments/testing
Authentication realm: <http://192.168.100.110:8142> Puppet Subversion repository
Password for 'puppet':
Please type 'yes' or 'no': no
A groups
A groups/modules
A groups/modules/grub
A groups/modules/grub/files
A groups/modules/grub/manifests
Checked out revision 1.
# ls -a
...agentsenvironmentgroupsmanifests.svn
# ls .svn/#每个目录下面都会生成.svn隐藏目录，用于保存当前版本的信息
all-wcpropsentriesprop-basepropstext-basetmp
备注：checkout之后，在/etc/puppet/environments/testing目录下就会有一份SVN服务器上最新版本的副本。
4 部署SVN hooks
4.1 设置pre-commit
设置pre-commit钩子可以提交文件到SNV服务器之前对puppet语法进行检查，语法通过则提交成功，语法错误则提交失败。
# chmod 774 pre-commit^C
# cp pre-commit.tmpl pre-commit
# chmod 774 pre-commit
# vim pre-commit
#!/bin/sh
# SVN pre-commit hook to check Puppet syntax for .pp files
# Modified from http://mail.madstop.com/pipermail/puppet-users/2007-March/002034.html
# Access http://projects.puppetlabs.com/projects/1/wiki/puppet_version_control
REPOS="$1"
TXN="$2"
tmpfile=`mktemp`
export HOME=/
SVNLOOK=/usr/bin/svnlook
$SVNLOOK changed -t "$TXN" "$REPOS" | awk '/^[^D].*\.pp$/ {print $2}' | while read line
do
$SVNLOOK cat -t "$TXN" "$REPOS" "$line" > $tmpfile
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
echo "Warning: Failed to checkout $line" >&2
fi
# puppet --color=false --confdir=/etc/puppet --vardir=/var/lib/puppet --parseonly --ignoreimport $tmpfile >>/var/log/puppet/svn_pre-commit.log 2>&1
puppet --color=false --confdir=/etc/puppet --vardir=/var/lib/puppet --parser --ignoreimport $tmpfile >>/var/log/puppet/svn_pre-commit.log 2>&1
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
echo "Puppet syntax error in $line." >>/var/log/puppet/svn_pre-commit.log 2>&1
exit 2
fi
done
res=$?
rm -f $tmpfile
if [ $res -ne 0 ]
then
exit $res
fi
4.2 设置post-commit
设置post-commit钩子可以在正确提交文件至SVN服务器之后，puppetmaster的模块目录/etc/puppet/environments/testing会自动从SNV服务器上update最新的版本库到本地。
#!/bin/sh
# POST-COMMIT HOOK
REPOS="$1"
REV="$2"
#mailer.py commit "$REPOS" "$REV" /path/to/mailer.conf
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SVN=/usr/bin/svn
PUPPET_DIR=/etc/puppet
#/usr/bin/svnup /etc/puppet -non-interactive
$SVNupdate $PUPPET_DIR --username puppet --password 123.com >>/var/log/puppet/svn_post-commit.log
5 SVN Client端部署测试
5.1 本地测试
1）导出版本数据库文件到本地
# svn checkout file:///svndata/puppet/puppet/puppet 2）、创建并添加新的目录及文件
# svn add ssh 3）、将修改后的文件提交到SVN服务器，此时版本库版本加1
# svn commit -m "add ssh modules" /puppet/puppet/* 5.2 远程测试（Linux）
#svn checkout http://172.16.200.100/svndata//mnt/ 5.3 客户端TortoiseSVN测试（Windows）
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-12.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
http://kisspuppet.com/img/svn-puppet-13.pngsvn版本控制测试界面
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