midea2 发表于 2018-8-6 09:31:38

源码安装 python3

  Linux下默认系统自带python2.6的版本,这个版本被系统很多程序所依赖,所以不建议删除,如果使用最新的Python3那么我们知道编译安装源码包和系统默认包之间是没有任何影响的,所以可以安装python3和python2共存
  首先去python官网下载python3的源码包,网址:https://www.python.org/
  进去之后点击导航栏的Downloads,也可以鼠标放到Downloads上弹出菜单选择Source code,就是源码包的意思,点进去之后页面下方可以看到下载链接,包括源码包、Mac OSX安装包、Windows的安装包

1 安装依赖包
  

# yum install wget gcc automake autoconfzlib-devellibtoolbzip2-devel openssl-devel xz -y  
# yum install readline-devel.x86_64    #解决python3退格功能
  

  拓展:
  

# yum install tkinter tk-devel tk -y      # 在Linux中python默认是不安装Tkinter模块,matplotlib依赖Tkinter模块,安装tensorflow需要;  

2 编译安装
  

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz  

  
# tar xf Python-3.6.5.tar.xz&& cd Python-3.6.5
  

  
# ./configure
  
# ./configure --enable-unicode=ucs2 --enable-shared         // --enable-optimizations# 二者装一个就行,这个是多装一个Tkinter模块
  

  
# make && make install
  

3 把python3作为默认python
  

# python --version  
Python 2.6.6
  

  
# which python
  
/usr/bin/python
  

  
# which python3
  
/usr/local/bin/python3
  

  
# ll /usr/bin/python*
  
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9728 8月18 2016 /usr/bin/python
  
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 12月 11 14:14 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
  
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9728 8月18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6
  

  
# rm -f /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2
  
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
  
# ln -s /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python2
  

  
验证:
  
# python --version
  
Python 3.6.5
  

4 指定yum调用的python版本

4.1 修改/usr/bin/yum
  

# vim  /usr/bin/yum  
1 #!/usr/bin/python
  改为
  
1 #!/usr/bin/python2.6          # 改为python默认版本,CentOS 7.*为python2.7
  

或:
  

# ansible all -m shell -a "sed -i '1s#python$#python2.6#g' /usr/bin/yum“  
# ansible all -m shell -a "head -1 /usr/bin/yum”
  

修改软链接
  

# ll /usr/bin/python*  
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   22 1月   4 09:41 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python3
  
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   18 1月   4 09:41 /usr/bin/python2 -> /usr/bin/python2.6
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9728 8月18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6
  
#
  

4.2 CentOS 7.*

需要修改 /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down文件
  

# ansible all -m shell -a "sed -i '1s#python$#python2.7#g' /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down"  
# ansible all -m shell -a "head -1 /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down"
  

还需要修改/usr/bin/yum-config-manager
  

# ansible all -m shell -a "sed -i '1s#python$#python2.7#g' /usr/bin/yum-config-manager"  
# ansible all -m shell -a "head -1 /usr/bin/yum-config-manager"
  

附:
  

mv /usr/local/lib/{,bak_}libisl.so.10.1.1-gdb.py  

  
提示:Ignoring ensurepip failure: pip 7.1.2 requires SSL/TLS
  
这是原因没有安装或升级openssl:
  

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