python 使用subprocess模块来执行shell命令
以下程序均来自《Python.UNIX和Linux系统管理指南》下面是用subprocess模块来实现shell命令的一个例子
subtube.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from subprocess import call
import time
import sys
class BaseArgs(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
if self.kwargs.has_key("delay"):
self.delay = self.kwargs["delay"]
else:
self.delay = 0
if self.kwargs.has_key("verbose"):
self.verbose = self.kwargs["verbose"]
else:
self.verbose = False
def run(self):
raise NotImplementedError
class Runner(BaseArgs):
def run(self):
for cmd in self.args:
if self.verbose:
print "Running %s with delay=%s" % (cmd, self.delay)
time.sleep(self.delay)
call(cmd, shell=True)
运行结果
# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 19 2013, 07:19:44)
on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from subtube import Runner
>>> r = Runner("df -h", "du -sh /tmp")
>>> r.run()
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18G5.3G 12G33% /
/dev/sda1 99M 13M 82M13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0506M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc 3.7G3.7G 0 100% /mnt
336K/tmp
>>> r = Runner("df -h", "du -h /tmp", verbose=True)
>>> r.run()
Running df -h with delay=0
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18G5.3G 12G33% /
/dev/sda1 99M 13M 82M13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0506M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc 3.7G3.7G 0 100% /mnt
Running du -h /tmp with delay=0
4.0K/tmp/.ICE-unix
12K/tmp/b/a
16K/tmp/b
4.0K/tmp/.font-unix
12K/tmp/a
336K/tmp
下面是subprocess实现管道功能，将多个命令连接起来
shell:
# cat /etc/passwd | grep 0:0 | cut -d ':' -f 7
/bin/bash
python:
>>> p1 = subprocess.Popen("cat /etc/passwd", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> p2 = subprocess.Popen("grep 0:0", shell=True, stdin=p1.stdout,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> p3 = subprocess.Popen("cut -d ':' -f 7", shell=True, stdin=p2.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> print p3.stdout.read()
/bin/bash
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