shirobert 发表于 2018-8-31 13:41:29

perl学习日记2(哈希结构)

  原文:http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=9398085&do=blog&id=1677464
  哈希结构
  %movies = ('The Shining'=> 'Kubrick', 'Ten Comandments' =>'DeMille','Goonies' =>'Spielberg');
  print $movies{'The Shining'};
  其中‘The Shining’是关键字,'Kubrick'是值
  打印哈希结构中的每个关键字
  foreach $film (keys %movies){
  print "$film\n";
  }
  输出为:
  Ten Comandments
  Goonies
  The Shining
  利用keys和values得到关键字和值
  @directors=values %movies;
  @film=keys %movies;
  print "@directors\n";
  print "@film\n";
  输出为:
  DeMille Spielberg Kubrick
  Ten Comandments Goonies The Shining]
  拷贝和组合
  %New_hash=%Old_hash;
  %Both=(%first,%second); #组合后将随机排列
  利用函数exists测试是否存在某个关键字
  if (exists $movies{conan}){ # movies中是否存在conan这个关键字
  print "exist!" ;
  }
  删除某个关键字
  delete $both{conan};
  寻找数组中的唯一元素
  @fishwords=qw(one fish two fish red fish blue fish);
  %seen=();
  foreach (@fishwords){
  $seen{$_}=1;
  }
  @uniquewords=keys %seen;
  print "@uniquewords";
  输出为:blue one red two fish
  寻找两个数组间的不同部分和交汇部分
  @stars=qw(R.Reagan C.Eastwood M.Jackson Cher S.Bono);
  @pols=qw(N.Gingrich S.Thurmon R.Reagan S.Bono C.Eastwood M.Thatcher);
  %seen=();
  foreach (@stars){
  $seen{$_}=1; #对电影明星的列表进行迭代操作,依次将$设置为每个名字
  }
  @intersection=grep($seen{$_},@pols); #@pols中的grep函数对政治家的列表进行迭代操作,依次将$_设置给每个政治家。然后,在哈希结构%seen中寻找该名字
  print "@intersection";
  输出为:R.Reagan S.Bono C.Eastwood
  需找两个数组中的不同部分
  @difference=grep(! $seen{$_},@pols);
  输出为:N.Gingrich S.Thurmon M.Thatcher ,即不是明星的所有政治家
  读入txt文件,并按输入的关键字输出customer信息
  #!/usr/bin/perl -w
  open(PH,"C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/customers.txt") or die "Cannot open customers.txt: $!\n";
  while(){ #文件句柄被读取,每一行被赋予$_
  chomp;
  ($number,$email)=(split(/\s+/,$_)) ; # $_中的这一行在空格处被分割,只取前两项
  $Phone{$number}=$_; #将每一行存入一个哈希结构,key为number,value为一条记录
  $Email{$email}=$_;
  }
  close(PH);
  print "Type 'q' to exit\n";
  while (1){
  print "\nNumber?";
  $number=;chomp($number);
  $address="";
  if(!$number){
  print "E-mail?";
  $address=;chomp($address);
  }
  next if(!$number and !$address);
  last if($number eq 'q' or $address eq 'q');
  if ($number and exists $Phone{$number}) {
  print "Customer: $Phone{$number}\n"; #输出关键字为number的值
  next;
  }
  if ($address and exists $Email{$address}){
  print "Customer: $Email{$address}\n";
  next;
  }
  print "Customer record not found.\n";
  next;
  }
  print "\nAll done.\n";
  统计单词出现的频度
  open(FH,"C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/test.txt") or die "cannot open test: $!";
  while(){ #每次读取一行标准输入,为每一行设置$_
  while(/(\w[\w-]*)/g){ #以文件中的空格分隔成单词。对$_中的每个单词进行迭代操作
  $words{$1}++;
  }
  }
  foreach (keys %words){
  print "$_ $words{$_}\n"; #输出每个单词的频度
  }
  输出为:
  peach 2
  banana 1
  apple 2
  orange 2
  pear 1
  统计单词的长度
  open(FH,"C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/×ÀÃæ/test.txt") or die "cannot open test: $!";
  while(){ #每次读取一行,为每一行设置$_
  while(/(\w[\w-]*)/g){ #以文件中的空格分隔成单词。对$_中的每个单词进行迭代操作
  $seen{length $1}++; #以单词的长度为关键字
  }
  }
  foreach (keys %seen){
  print "There are $seen{$_} words have $_ letter(s). \n"; #输出关键字和值
  }
  输出为:
  There are 3 words have 6 letter(s).
  There are 1 words have 4 letter(s).
  There are 4 words have 5 letter(s).

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