Git基础之(十四)——分支管理——解决冲突
人生不如意之事十之八九,合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。准备新的feature1分支,继续我们的新分支开发:
$ git checkout -b feature1Switched to a new branch 'feature1' 修改readme.txt最后一行,改为:
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple. 在feature1分支上提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "AND simple" AND simple 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
切换到master分支:
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
Git还会自动提示我们当前master分支比远程的master分支要超前1个提交。
在master分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为:
Creating a new branch is quick & simple. 提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "& simple" & simple 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
现在,master分支和feature1分支各自都分别有新的提交,变成了这样:
http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/files/attachments/001384909115478645b93e2b5ae4dc78da049a0d1704a41000/0
这种情况下,Git无法执行“快速合并”,只能试图把各自的修改合并起来,但这种合并就可能会有冲突,我们试试看:
$ git merge feature1Auto-merging readme.txtCONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txtAutomatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result. 果然冲突了!Git告诉我们,readme.txt文件存在冲突,必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status也可以告诉我们冲突的文件:
$ git status# On branch master# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.## Unmerged paths:# (use "git add/rm ..." as appropriate to mark resolution)## both modified: readme.txt#no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") 我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容:
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.> feature1
Git用标记出不同分支的内容,我们修改如下后保存:
Creating a new branch is quick and simple. 再提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "conflict fixed" conflict fixed
现在,master分支和feature1分支变成了下图所示:
http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/files/attachments/00138490913052149c4b2cd9702422aa387ac024943921b000/0
用带参数的git log也可以看到分支的合并情况:
$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
* 59bc1cb conflict fixed
|\
| * 75a857c AND simple
* | 400b400 & simple
|/
* fec145a branch test
...
最后,删除feature1分支:
$ git branch -d feature1Deleted branch feature1 (was 75a857c). 工作完成。
小结
当Git无法自动合并分支时,就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后,再提交,合并完成。
用git log --graph命令可以看到分支合并图。
转载自:
http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000
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