黄聪：Python网站采集功能（多线程的采集、WDPYSPIDER类、pycurl）
Python1
import urllib
2
urlItem = urllib.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")
3
htmSource = urlItem.read()
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urlItem.close()
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print htmSource
pycurl
http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/download/
http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/doc/curlobject.html
Python
01
import pycurl
02
c = pycurl.Curl()
03
c.setopt(pycurl.URL, "http://www.whiledo.com/")
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c.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, ["Accept:"])
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import StringIO
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b = StringIO.StringIO()
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c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, b.write)
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c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
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c.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
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c.perform()
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print b.getvalue()
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print c.getinfo(pycurl.INFO_FILETIME)
curl_easy_setopt
告诉 libcurl 的如何做事
CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION: 写(下载)回传函数,传递一个写指针供外部操作, 一次回调内容大小在 CURL_MAX_WRITE_SIZE (curl.h头文件)中设置
CURLOPT_WRITEDATA: 直接写文件,指定一个文件名如c.setopt(pycurl.WRITEDATA, 'E:\WebSite\py\1.txt') 注win下不能用
CURLOPT_READFUNCTION: 读(上传)回传函数
CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION: 数据指针移动,int function(void *instream, curl_off_t offset, int origin);SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR and SEEK_END,返回CURL_SEEKFUNC_OK或CURL_SEEKFUNC_FAIL或CURL_SEEKFUNC_CANTSEEK (0,1,2)
CURLOPT_OPENSOCKETFUNCTION:
CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION:只接收头数据 size_t function( void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata);
CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION: int curl_debug_callback (CURL *, curl_infotype, char *, size_t, void *);
CURLOPT_VERBOSE: 参数设置为1 能显示更多详细信息
CURLOPT_HEADER: 设为 1 将在返回的文本中包含头信息
CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL: 不超时
CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION:设置为1告诉libcurl遵循任何访问
CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS: 设定重定向的数目限制,设置为-1表示无限的重定向（默认）
CURLOPT_PUT:数据上载相关
CURLOPT_POST:
CURLOPT_POSTREDIR:
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS:
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE:
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE_LARGE:
CURLOPT_COPYPOSTFIELDS:
CURLOPT_HTTPPOST:
CURLOPT_UPLOAD:
CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER:libcurl自动设置Referer
CURLOPT_REFERER: 伪造来源路径
CURLOPT_USERAGENT:自定义USERAGENT
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER:自定义头
CURLOPT_COOKIE: "name1=content1; name2=content2;"
CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE:
CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR:
CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION: 默认情况下，libcurl始终加载和存储所有Cookie
CURLOPT_COOKIELIST
CURLOPT_HTTPGET
CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION: CURL_HTTP_VERSION_NONE,CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0,CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1
CURLOPT_IGNORE_CONTENT_LENGTH:忽略内容长度头,针对类似Apache 1.x的服务器
CURLOPT_HTTP_TRANSFER_DECODING:告诉libcurl如何对传输解码,(0,=1)
CURLOPT_HTTP200ALIASES:自定义HTTP 200响应别名,有些服务器对200返回不是标准的
CURLOPT_ENCODING:设置接收的内容编码,同 Accept-Encoding, ('','gzip',....)
CURLOPT_UNRESTRICTED_AUTH:数设置为1,继续发送认证（用户+密码）
NETWORK OPTIONS
CURLOPT_URL: http://xxxx,ftp://xxxx
CURLOPT_PROXY:HTTP代理,主机名或IP地址
CURLOPT_PROXYPORT:代理端口,也可在PROXY的地址后加":端口",如 :8080
CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE:代理类型,CURLPROXY_HTTP(默认), CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0,CURLPROXY_SOCKS4,CURLPROXY_SOCKS5,CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A,CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME,
CURLOPT_NOPROXY:不使用代理的域
CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL:
CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE: libcurl的缓冲区大小（以字节为单位）
（认证）
CURLOPT_NETRC: 此参数控制你的密码,CURL_NETRC_OPTIONAL使用 ~/.netrc 文件, CURL_NETRC_IGNORED(默认):忽略文件,CURL_NETRC_REQUIRED:告诉该文件的使用所需的库，要忽略的URL信息
CURLOPT_NETRC_FILE: 指定 ~/.netrc 文件
CURLOPT_USERNAME:
CURLOPT_USERPWD:
CURLOPT_PASSWORD:
CURLOPT_PROXYUSERNAME:
CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD:
CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH:
CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH:
[*]CURLAUTH_BASIC: HTTP基本验证
[*]CURLAUTH_DIGEST: HTTP摘要身份验证
[*]CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE:
[*]CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE: Kerberos5认证 要建立GSS - API
[*]CURLAUTH_NTLM: NTLM身份验证
[*]CURLAUTH_ANY: 设置所有选项,ibcurl自动选择一个它认为合适的,安全的验证<
[*]CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE: 设置基本选项....
[*]CURLAUTH_ONLY: 强制所有请求使用验证
getinfo
CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE: 获得最后收到的HTTP或FTP的代码,如200,404,403,505 代理的CONNECT响应要参考 CURLINFO_HTTP_CONNECTCODE
CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL: 最后一次使用有效的URL
CURLINFO_HTTP_CONNECTCODE : 长期接受最后收到的代理响应代码
CURLINFO_FILETIME:
CURLINFO_TOTAL_TIME:
CURLINFO_CONNECT_TIME:
CURLINFO_NUM_CONNECTS: 多少个连接
CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE: 例：text/html
CURLINFO_REQUEST_SIZE:
CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE:
CURLINFO_SIZE_DOWNLOAD: 下载总字节量
CURLINFO_SIZE_UPLOAD:
CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_AVAIL: 接收掩码表明身份验证
CURLINFO_PROXYAUTH_AVAIL: 接收掩码表明代理身份验证
CURLINFO_COOKIELIST:
部份使用 INFO_ 如：INFO_COOKIELIST
一个粗糙的共用对象的采集示例
Python
01
import pycurl
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import StringIO
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import string
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import random
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class spider:
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def __init__(self,addHeader = []):
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self.httpheader = [
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'Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5'
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#,'USER_AGENT:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)'
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] + addHeader
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self.curl = pycurl.Curl()
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, self.httpheader)
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.REFERER, 'http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q='+self.rand_str())
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#self.curl.setopt(pycurl.AUTOREFERER, 1)
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
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def __del__(self):
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pass
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def rand_str(self):
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return ''.join(random.sample(['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n'], 6))
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def tofile(self,url,filename):
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fp = open(filename, 'w');
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, fp.write)
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self.curl.perform()
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fp.close()
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return True
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def html(self, url):
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sio = StringIO.StringIO()
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)
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self.curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, sio.write)
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self.curl.perform()
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reval = sio.getvalue()
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sio.close()
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return reval
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41
if __name__ == "__main__":
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get = spider(['USER_AGENT:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)'])
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print get.html("http://localhost/spider_for_test.php")
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print get.tofile("http://localhost/spider_for_test.php",r'E:\WebSite\wwwroot\test.txt')
一个多线程的采集示例
Python
01
import pycurl
02
import threading
03
import StringIO
04
import string
05
import random
06
class spider:
07
def __init__(self,referer='',httpheader = []):
08
self.httpheader = [
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'Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5'
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,'USER_AGENT:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)'
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] + httpheader
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self.referer = referer
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def __del__(self):
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pass
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16
def fetch(self,url,stream):
17
curl = pycurl.Curl()
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curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, self.httpheader)
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if self.referer == '':
20
curl.setopt(pycurl.AUTOREFERER, 1)
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else:
22
curl.setopt(pycurl.REFERER, self.referer)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, stream.write)
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curl.perform()
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curl.close()
29
30
def rand_str(self):
31
return ''.join(random.sample(['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n'], 6))
32
33
def tofile(self,url,filename):
34
fp = open(filename, 'w');
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self.fetch(url,fp)
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fp.close()
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return True
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39
def html(self, url):
40
sio = StringIO.StringIO()
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self.fetch(url,sio)
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reval = sio.getvalue()
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sio.close()
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return reval
45
46
def gethtml(url,get):
47
print get.html(url)
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49
if __name__ == "__main__":
50
import time,datetime
51
dstart = datetime.datetime.now()
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get = spider()
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get.referer = 'http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q='+get.rand_str()
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thread_pool = []
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acc = Account(100)
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for i in range(10):
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url = "http://localhost/test.php?n="+str(i)
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th = threading.Thread(target=gethtml,args=(url,get))
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thread_pool.append(th)
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for i in range(10):
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thread_pool.start()
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for i in range(10):
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threading.Thread.join(thread_pool)
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dend = datetime.datetime.now()
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print "Time span:" , dend-dstart;
WDPYSPIDER类（支持，多线程，代理，登陆验证,POST）
Python
001
#coding:utf-8
002
import pycurl
003
import urllib
004
import threading
005
import StringIO
006
import string
007
import random
008
class spider:
009
'''WDPYSPIDER(Whiledo Python Spider Class) 采集类
010
011
@author HzqGhost admin@whiledo.com QQ:313143468
012
get = spider()
013
get.referer = 'http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q='+get.rand_str()
014
get.proxyuse = True
015
get.proxyip = ['059148233056.ctinets.com:80']
016
url = "http://www.whiledo.com"
017
print get.html(url=url)'''
018
def __init__(self):
019
self.httpheader = [
020
'Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5'
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,'USER_AGENT:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)'
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] #http头信息
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self.referer = '' #伪造来源路径
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self.connnecttimeout = 60 #获取联接超时(秒)
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self.timeout = 300 #读定超时(秒)
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self.backheader = 0 #是否返回服务器http头信息(一般用于测试)
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self.cookesfile = "./cookes.dat" #cookesfile 自动读写处理文件
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self.proxyuse = False#是否使用代理服务器
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self.proxyip = []#代理服务器列表，随机使用列表中的IP
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self.proxynodomain = ['localhost','127.0.0.1']#不使用代理服务器的域
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self.http200alias = [] #200返回信息别名列表
032
self.error = 'WDPYERROR' #非200状态时返回的错误标识
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def __del__(self):
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pass
035
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def fetch(self,url,stream, post={}):
037
'''
038
--url
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--stream StringIO or fp
040
--post {'username':'hzq','password':'blog'}'''
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curl = pycurl.Curl()
042
curl.setopt(pycurl.CONNECTTIMEOUT, self.connnecttimeout)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.TIMEOUT, self.timeout)
044
curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, self.httpheader)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.HTTP200ALIASES, self.http200alias)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.HEADER, self.backheader)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)
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if self.referer == '':
050
curl.setopt(pycurl.AUTOREFERER, 1)
051
else:
052
curl.setopt(pycurl.REFERER, self.referer)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEJAR, self.cookesfile)
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curl.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEFILE, self.cookesfile)
055
curl.setopt(pycurl.WRITEFUNCTION, stream.write)
056
curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)
057
if self.proxyuse:
058
proxyip = self.proxyip;
059
curl.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, proxyip)
060
#curl.setopt(pycurl.PROXYNO, self.proxynodomain) #需要7.19.4 的pycurl版本
061
if len(post)>0 :
062
curl.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, post)
063
status = ''
064
try:
065
curl.perform()
066
status = curl.getinfo(pycurl.RESPONSE_CODE)
067
except:
068
status = curl.errstr()
069
finally:
070
curl.close()
071
status = str(status);
072
if status != '200':
073
status = self.error
074
return status;
075
076
def rand_str(self):
077
return ''.join(random.sample(['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n'], 6))
078
079
def tofile(self,url,filename, post={}):
080
fp = open(filename, 'wb');
081
self.fetch(url,fp,post)
082
fp.close()
083
return True
084
085
def html(self, url, post={}):
086
sio = StringIO.StringIO()
087
reval = self.fetch(url,sio, post)
088
if reval == '200':
089
reval = sio.getvalue()
090
sio.close()
091
return reval
092
093
def gethtml(url,get):
094
print get.html(url)
095
096
if __name__ == "__main__":
097
get = spider()
098
get.referer = 'http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q='+get.rand_str()
099
get.proxyuse = True
100
get.proxyip = ['059148233056.ctinets.com:80']
101
url = "http://www.whiledo.com"
102
print get.html(url=url)
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