tset123 发表于 2018-9-18 08:18:02

Git 服务器搭建与客户端安装

  大纲:
  一、前言
  二、搭建Git服务器

[*]  yum安装Git服务器
[*]  创建一个git用户,用来运行git服务
[*]  创建客户端登录证书
[*]  初始化Git仓库
[*]  禁用shell登录
[*]  克隆远程仓库
  三、安装客户端

[*]  Windows 客户端
[*]  Linux 客户端
  四、总结
  注,测试机 CentOS 5.5 x86_64,Git 服务器版本:git version 1.8.2.1,客户端版本:git version 1.9.2.msysgit.0。所有软件请到这里下载:http://msysgit.github.io/。
  一、前言
  在上一篇博客中我们主要讲解Git是什么,Git的基本原理,讲解一些有关Git的基础知识,让我们简单的了解一下Git,当然我们还有很多问题没有搞清楚,嘿嘿!不管理怎么样,在我们弄清楚这些问题之前,我们得有台Git服务器是吧,嘿嘿!好了,下面我们就来一起搭建一台Git服务器。
  二、搭建Git服务器
  1.yum安装Git服务器
# cd src/  
# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
  
# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
  
Preparing...                ###########################################
  package epel-release-5-4.noarch is already installed
  
# yum list
  
# yum install -y git
  2.创建一个git用户,用来运行git服务
# adduser git  3.创建客户端登录证书
  注,收集所有需要登录的用户的公钥,就是他们自己生成的id_rsa.pub文件,把所有公钥复制到/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里,一行一个。嘿嘿!
  1).客户端生成id_rsa.pub文件的命令
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa  
$ cat.ssh/id_rsa.pub
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
  注,一路回车即可,将生成的id_rsa.pub,复制给管理员,帮你在服务器上增加一下,下次你用git时就不需要输入用户名和密码了。
  2).查看服务器上authorized_keys文件
# cat /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q== root@CHENMINGQIAN
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp+S/LD3vx2MN+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q== Administrator@WIN2003X323
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
  说明:我这里有三个用户登录服务器,所以我这里就有三个ssh-rsa,大家可以看一下。
  4.初始化Git仓库
  注,先选定一个目录作为Git仓库,这里是/data/git/project.git。
# cd /data/git/  
# git init --bare project.git
  
# ls
  
branchesconfigdescriptionHEADhooksindexinfoobjectsrefs
  执行以上命令 Git命令,会创建一个裸仓库,裸仓库没有工作区,因为服务器上的Git仓库纯粹是为了共享,所以不让用户直接登录到服务器上去改工作区,并且服务器上的Git仓库通常都以.git结尾。然后,把owner改为git:
# chown -R git.git project.git  
# ls -l
  
总计 4
  
drwxr-xr-x 7 git git 4096 05-09 13:50 project.git
  5.禁用shell登录
  注,出于安全考虑,第二步创建的git用户不允许登录shell,这可以通过编辑/etc/passwd文件完成。找到类似下面的一行:
# cat /etc/passwd | grep git  
git:x:1001:1001:git version control:/home/git:/bin/bash
改为:# vim /etc/passwd  
git:x:1001:1001:git version control:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell
  这样,git用户可以正常通过ssh使用git,但无法登录shell,因为我们为git用户指定的git-shell每次一登录就自动退出。
  6.克隆远程仓库
  注,现在可以通过git clone命令克隆远程仓库了,在各自的电脑上运行:
  注,$ git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git,其中git用户名,git.jjhh.com服务器,/data/git/prgject.git是仓库路径。好了,到这里服务器的搭建到这里就完成了,下面我们来安装一下客户端。
  三、安装客户端
  1.Windows 客户端
  1).下载客户端
  注,大家到这里下载http://msysgit.github.io/。下面简单演示一下安装过程,比较简单:





  好了,到这里就安装完成了,安装好以后会在桌面上有个图标,你双击打开即可。如下图:

  2.Linux 客户端
  注,Linux客户端安装就比较简单了,直接用yum安装一下就好!
# yum install -y git  到这里git就安装完成了,下面我们查看一下版本:
# git --version  
git version 1.8.2.
  下面我们生成公钥并复制到服务器上:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa  
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
  
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
  
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
  
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
  
Enter same passphrase again:

  
Your>  
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
  
The key fingerprint is:
  
48:3c:22:76:02:f1:a2:e5:27:22:cb:4f:a7:a0:98:9d root@test.com
  
# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ== root@test.com
  下面我们复制id_rsa.pub里的公钥到服务器的authorized_keys文件中。
# su git  
bash-3.2$ cd
  
bash-3.2$ vim .ssh/authorized_keys
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q== root@CHENMINGQIAN
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp+S/LD3vx2MN+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q== Administrator@WIN2003X323
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
  
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ== root@test.com
  下面我们clone一个仓库到本地的目录中。
# cd /data/dev  
# git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git
  
Cloning into 'project'...
  
The authenticity of host 'git.jjhh.com (114.112.173.150)' can't be established.
  
RSA key fingerprint is ca:ec:a2:7e:e6:89:ca:19:d3:93:7f:4b:c3:c0:c7:fd.
  
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
  
Warning: Permanently added 'git.jjhh.com,114.112.173.150' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
  
remote: Counting objects: 50, done.
  
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (42/42), done.
  
remote: Total 50 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0)
  
Receiving objects: 100% (50/50), 4.02 KiB, done.
  
Resolving deltas: 100% (21/21), done.
  
# ls
  
project
  
# cd project/
  
# ls
  
index.html
  好了,到这里我们的git客户端到这里就全部安装完成了。
  四、总结
  Q&A,有什么问题欢迎大家交流讨论。最后,希望大家有所收获^_^……


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