MySQL管理多个实例的方法
MySQL运行多实例有2种方法，第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例;第二种是通过mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例环境准备：
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server> MySQL版本：mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
要运行多实例，首先安装MySQL软件，安装方法参考之前的博文：MySQL安装，安装好MySQL软件之后，下面分别创建端口分别为3306,3307,3308，3309的多实例，无论使用哪种方式来管理多实例，都是需要初始化多个数据库的
一、使用多个配置文件来管理多实例
1、创建各实例的配置文件
# mkdir /data/mysql/conf/ -p
# cd /data/mysql/conf/
# vim my_3306.cnf
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
prompt="\\u@\\h:\p\\R:\\m:\\s [\\d]>"
#tee=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/query.log
no-auto-rehash
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
event_scheduler = 0
#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300
#character set
character-set-server = utf8
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000
skip-name-resolve = 1
#logs
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log-error = error.log
log_warnings = 2
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1
#binlog
binlog_format = row
server-id = 883306
log-bin =mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 1G
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 10
#relay log
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 1G
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
log_slave_updates
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
#buffers & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 256
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 100M
myisam_repair_threads = 1
#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_log_file_size = 500M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_status_file = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
端口3307,3308,3309的MySQL实例的配置文件和端口3306的配置文件相似，只需要替换端口即可
# cpmy_3306.cnfmy_3307.cnf
# cpmy_3306.cnfmy_3308.cnf
# cpmy_3306.cnfmy_3309.cnf
# sed-i's/3306/3307/g'my_3307.cnf
# sed-i's/3306/3308/g'my_3308.cnf
# sed-i's/3306/3309/g'my_3309.cnf
# chown mysq.mysql /data/mysql/conf -R
2、初始化数据库
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3306.cn--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3307.cn--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3308.cn--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3308/
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3309.cn--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3309/
3、启动数据库
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3306.cnf &
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3307.cnf &
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3308.cnf &
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3309.cnf &
观察MySQL进程
# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 15873120430 09:55 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3306.cnf
mysql 16773158730 09:55 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3306.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock --port=3306
root 16875120430 09:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3307.cnf
mysql 17775168752 09:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3307.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock --port=3307
root 17800120430 09:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3308.cnf
mysql 18700178007 09:56 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3308.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3308 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3308/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3308/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock --port=3308
root 18723120430 09:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3309.cnf
mysql 19623187237 09:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my_3309.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3309 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3309/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3309/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_3309.sock --port=3309
登录MySQL数据
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3309.sock
4、关闭MySQL进程
mysqladmin shutdown -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
mysqladmin shutdown -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
mysqladmin shutdown -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
mysqladmin shutdown -S /tmp/mysql_3309.sock
二、使用mysqld_multi来管理MySQL数据
创建统一的配置文件
# cat /etc/my.cnf
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
prompt="\\u@\\h:\p\\R:\\m:\\s [\\d]>"
#tee=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/query.log
no-auto-rehash
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /data/mysql/mysql_multi/mysqld_multi.log
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
event_scheduler = 0
#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300
#character set
character-set-server = utf8
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000
skip-name-resolve = 1
#logs
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log-error = error.log
log_warnings = 2
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1
#binlog
binlog_format = row
server-id = 883306
log-bin =mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 1G
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 10
#relay log
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 1G
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
log_slave_updates
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
#buffers & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 256
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 100M
myisam_repair_threads = 1
#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_log_file_size = 500M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_status_file = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
#端口号为3306的实例特殊配置
port =3306
server-id=883306
#指定本实例相应版本的basedir和datadir
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
#transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
#端口号为3306的实例特殊配置
port =3307
server-id=883307
#指定本实例相应版本的basedir和datadir
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3307
socket = /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
#transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
port=3308
server-id=883308
#binlog-do-db=database01
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3308
socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
sync_binlog = 0
port=3309
server-id=883309
#binlog-do-db=database02
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3309
socket = /tmp/mysql_3309.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
sync_binlog = 0
# mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_multi/#用来存放mysql_multi产生的日志
# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/mysql_multi/-R
2、初始化数据库
如已经初始化，则不必在再次初始化
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3308/
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3309/
3、启动MySQL数据
# mysqld_multi start 3306,3307,3308,3309#也可单独启动
# mysqld_multi report 3306,3307,3308,3309
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3309 is running
# tailf /data/mysql/mysql_multi/mysqld_multi.log
151213 23:01:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3306
151213 23:01:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3307
151213 23:01:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3308
151213 23:01:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3309
mysqld_multi log file version 2.16; run: Sun Dec 13 23:01:27 2015
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3309 is running
登录MySQL数据库：
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
4、关闭MySQL数据库
# mysqld_multi stop 3306
# mysqld_multi stop 3307,3308,3309
# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 30822120430 23:04 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysqld
此外，该配置文件还可以用来单独启动3306的MySQL实例
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL..
# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL..
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